Hubungan antara tipe kepemimpinan transaksional, tipe kepemimpinan transformasional, dan kecenderungan Emotional Exhaustion dengan Organizational Citizenship Behavior

BORY, Marinus, Prof. Djamaludin Ancok, Ph.D

2005 | Tesis | S2 Psikologi (Psikologi Industri dan Organisasi)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tipe kepemimpinan transaksional, tipe kepemimpinan transformasional, dan kecenderungan emotional exhaustion dengan organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Terdapat tiga variabel yang berfungsi sebagai variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini yaitu tipe kepemimpinan transaksional, tipe kepemimpinan transformasional, dan kecenderungan emotional exhaustion, sedangkan varabel tergantungnya adalah organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Hipotesis mayor penelitian ini adalah ada hubungan antara tipe kepemimpinan transaksional, tipe kepemimpinan transformasional, dan kecenderungan emotional exhaustion dengan organizational citizenship behavior. Terdapat tiga hipotesis minor dalam penelitian ini. 1) Ada hubungan positif antara tipe kepemimpinan transaksional dengan OCB. 2) Ada hubungan positif antara tipe kepemimpinan transformasional dengan OCB. 3) Ada hubungan negatif antara kecenderungan emotional exhaustion dengan OCB. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 120 karyawan. Mereka dipilih secara random dari populasi lima departemen yang dipilih dalam PT. Aneka Tambang (Persero) Tbk., UBPN Pomalaa. Data dikumpulkan melalui tiga angket, yaitu Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) yang mengungkapkan tipe kepemimpinan transaksional dan kepemimpinan transformasional, Emotional Exhaustion Questionnaire yang mengungkapkan kecenderungan emotional exhaustion, Organizational Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire (OCBQ) yang mengugkapkan organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Selain itu, metode wawancara juga digunakan untuk mendukung metode angket. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis regresi ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang sangat signifikan antara tipe kepemimpinan transaksional, tipe kepemimpinan transformasional, dan kecenderungan emotional exhaustion dengan OCB (R: 0.610; R2: 0.372; F: 22.939; p < 0.010). Hipotesis pertama diterima, ada hubungan positif yang sangat signifikan antara tipe kepemimpinan transaksional dengan OCB (r x1y – sisa x: 0.242; SE: 17.616 %; p < 0.010). Faktor contingent reward memiliki sumbangan efektif sebesar 10.719 % dan management-by-exception memiliki sumbangan efektif sebesar 6.023 % terhadap OCB. Hipotesis kedua diterima, ada hubungan positif yang sangat signifikan antara tipe kepemimpinan transformasional dengan OCB (r x2y – sisa x: 0.217; SE: 15.815 %; p < 0.010). Faktor idealized influence/charism memiliki sumbangan efektif sebesar 6.210 % dan intellectual stimulation memiliki sumbangan efektif sebesar 5.822 % terhadap OCB. Hipotesis ketiga ditolak, tidak ada hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara kecenderungan emotional exhaustion dengan OCB (r x3y – sisa x: - 0.120; SE: 3.804 %; p > 0.050). Akan tetapi, faktor beban kerja berlebihan memiliki sumbangan efektif sebesar 3.446 % dan pengharapan personal memiliki sumbangan efektif sebesar 3.597 % terhadap OCB.

This research purposes to examine the correlation between transactional and transformational leaderships type, and emotional exhaustion inclination with organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). There were three variables working as independent variables, namely transactional and transformational leaderships type, and emotional exhaustion inclination, while the organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) worked as dependent variable. Its major hypothesis was the correlation between transactional and transformational leaderships type, and emotional exhaustion inclination with organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). There were three minor hypotheses, that were (1) It was the positive correlation between transactional leadership type with OCB. (2) It was the positive correlation between transformational leadership type with OCB. (3) It was the negative correlation between emotional exhaustion inclination with OCB. Its sample were 120 employees. They were randomly selected from the population of five elected departments of PT. Aneka Tambang (Persero) Tbk. UBPN Pomalaa. The data were collected by means of three questionnaires, namely the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) revealed transactional and transformational leaderships type, Emotional Exhaustion Questionnaire revealed emotional exhaustion inclination, Organizational Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire (OCBQ) revealed organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). In addition to the interview method used to support them as well. The data were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. Its result indicated that transactional and transformational leaderships type, and emotional exhaustion inclination were very significantly correlated with OCB (R: 0.610; R2: 0.372; F: 22.939; p < 0.010). The first hypothesis was accepted that the transactional leadership type was very significantly positive correlated with OCB (r x1y – sisa x: 0.242; SE: 17.616 %; p < 0.010). Contingent reward factor had effective contribution 10.719 % and management-by-exception had effective contribution 6.023 % with OCB. The second hypothesis was accepted that the transformational leadership was very significantly positive correlated with OCB (r x2y – sisa x: 0.217; SE: 15.815 %; p < 0.010). Idealized influence or charism factor had effective contribution 6.210 % and intellectual stimulation had effective contribution 5.822 % with OCB. The third hypothesis was not accepted that the emotional exhaustion inclination was not significantly negative correlated with OCB (r x3y – sisa x: - 0.120; SE: 3.804 %; p > 0.050); but, its factor like work overload had effective contribution 3.446 % and personal expectation had effective contribution 3.597 % with OCB.

Kata Kunci : Emotional Exhaustion,Organisasi Citizenship Behavior, transactional and transformational leaderships type, emotional exhaustion inclination, and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)