Sexuality in Pesantren :: Study of power/knowledge relation in Gedung Putih Complex of Ali Maksum Pesantren Krapyak Yogyakarta

RAHAYU, Mustaghfiroh, Dr. Irwan Abdullah

2005 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Perbandingan Agama

Penelitian ini berdasar pada pertanyaan, apakah konstruksi sosial yang membentuk seksualitas di kompleks Gedung Putih PP Ali Maksum Krapyak Yogyakarta?. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan konstruksionis terhadap seksualitas yang memandang seksualitas sebagai persoalan sejarah yang dibentuik oleh masyarakat penelitian ini dilaksanakan. Lokasi penelitian ini adalah Kompleks Gedung Putih PP Ali MAksum Krapyak Yogyakarta. Pemilihan lokasi ini berdasarakan atas dua alasan; yang pertama, Gedung Putih adalah satu-satunya pesantren di Krapyak yang khusus untuk mahasiswi. Alasan kedua, kebanyakan santri berasal dari keluarga kaya, yang memungkinkan mereka untuk mengakses fasilitas-fasilitas di luar pesantren. Seksualitas di Gedung putih dibentuk oleh relasi antara kuasa dan pengetahuan yang ada di dalam lingkungan pesantren. Adalah peraturan yang dibuat santri, ajaran agama, arsitektur pesantren, Nyai termasuk dalam aparat kuasa ini. Akan tetapi hubungan antar aparat ini berlangung dengan dinamis. Kadang kala is berjalan dengan harmonis, namun di waktu yang lain hubungannya berlangsung penuh dengan kompetisi. Santri membuat perlawanan atas kuasa-kuasa yang melingkupinya. Mereka melakuakan tawar-menawar atas peraturan dengan datang terlambat untuk Shalat Maghrib berjama’ah, akan tetapi mengikuti kelas Nyai Luthfiyah. Peraturan untuk tidak bergaul dengan laki-laki mereka lawan dengan memiliki kost di luar pesantren untuk istirahat di siang hari yang memungkinkan mereka bergaul dengan laki-laki. Akan tetapi, santri memaknai bahwa pilihan mereka untuk tinggal di pesantren adalah pilihan yang tepat. Gedung Putih menawarkan kehidupan yang mereka inginkan; sebuah kehidupan diantara dua, antara pergaulan bebas di luar pesantren dan peraturan yang ketat di pesantren lain, antara perlindungan di waktu malam dan kebebsan di siang hari.

This thesis is based on a question, what is the social construction of sexuality’s discourse in Gedung Putih complex of Ali Maksum Pesantren Krapyak, Yogyakarta? The assumption that serves as a basis of this research is sexuality, in most of religious tradition, is seen negatively. Sexuality is dangerous and impure. The focus of this inquiry is how Gedung Putih pesantren treats the sexuality of its santri. This research used the constructionist approach of sexuality, which sees sexuality as a historical matter that is constructed within a society. Sexuality is not merely a matter of genital organs, but it is a result of many components in the individual’s social life. This research was held in Gedung Putih complex of Ali Maksum Pesantren Krapyak Yogyakarta. I chose this pesantren for two reasons; it is the only pesantren in Krapyak with specialization for university degree student which possible for them to receive external values instead of internal or pesantren’s values. The second is most of santri in this pesantren come from good economical bases, which resulted to their easy way to access many facilities out of pesantren. This research requires two steps: literature and field research. In the literature research, I investigate the Islamic view on sexuality. It is important because pesantren as an Islamic academic institution always use Islamic resources as the basis of legitimation of their actions. The field research is expected to get personal views related to sexuality’s discourse and pesantren construction on it. I interviewed several santri who live in this pesantren, an alumnus, Nyai, the teacher of this pesantren, and laypersons that live near this pesantren. The santri are common santri, santri who learn the Qur’an by heart, manager of santri executive board, and santri who has close relation with Nyai. Sexual discourses of Gedung Putih pesantren are constructed within a relation between power and knowledge apparatus in this pesantren. There are regulations made by santri executive board, religious teaching, the pesantren’s architecture, and Nyai. The relation among these apparatuses is dynamic. Sometime it goes with harmony, in another time it is full with competition. Occasionally, santri take advantage of this competition for them. Even though, the entire apparatus has it own position to make a true sexual discourse in this pesantren, it remains obvious that Nyai’s power is more powerful than others. Santri, as objects of research, formulated a resistance toward powers in their surroundings. They make bargains with regulations to come back to pesantren before maghrib praying with their lateness, and just come in Nyai’s class. The regulation of no male relationship in pesantren area is resisted by the ownership of boarding house out of pesantren for the day. At this place, they could make male relationship freely. In spite of that, santri see that their choice to live in Gedung Putih pesantren is the right decision. Gedung Putih offers the living conditions they dreamed, a condition in between; between the free relationship out of pesantren and strict regulation in another pesantren; between protection in the night and freedom in the day.

Kata Kunci : Pesantren,Seksualitas,Kuasa dan Pengetahuan, Pesantren, Sexuality, Sexual discourse and power /knowledge