Kajian briket arang dari limbah daun kayu putih (Melaleuca leucadendron Linn) dan dampak pembarakarnnya terhadap polusi udara :: Studi kasus di industri minyak kayu putih "Sendang Mole" Gunung Kidul-Yogyakarta

KURNIAWAN, F.X. Dony, Prof.Dr. Sudarmadji, M.Eng.Sc

2005 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Lingkungan

Pemanfaatan limbah daun dari industri minyak kayu putih sebagai bahan baku pembuatan briket arang merupakan salah satu alternatif sebagai energi biomassa yang murah, mudah didapat dan dapat diperbaharui serta bersih lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji pengaruh suhu pirolisis, jenis perekat, dan tekanan kempa terhadap kualitas briket arang serta kadar emisi gas CO, NO2 dari hasil pembakaran briket arang. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), perlakuan disusun secara faktorial. Faktor penelitian terdiri dari tiga faktor yaitu jenis perekat, (tanah liat dan Urea formaldehida), suhu pirolisis (2000C, 2500C, 3000C), dan tekanan kempa (2 ton, 3 ton, 4 ton, dan 5 ton.) dengan tiga ulangan. Parameter yang diuji meliputi kadar air, kadar abu, nilai kalor dan emisi gas CO , NO2 dari hasil pembakaran briket arang Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa suhu pirolisis akan meningkatkan kualitas briket arang. Semakin tinggi suhu pirolisis yang digunakan akan menurunkan kadar air, kadar abu, emisi gas CO, tetapi nilai kalor briket arang lebih tinggi. Proses pengarangan dengan suhu tinggi akan mengurai dan menguapkan unsur-unsur dalam daun, hal ini karena pada suhu 2000C – 3500C akan terjadi reaksi eksotermik dimana terjadi peruraian selulosa dan mineral yang terdapat dalam daun. Jenis perekat yang digunakan pada pembuatan briket arang akan meningkatkan kualitas briket arang. Briket arang yang memiliki kualitas paling baik yaitu briket arang dari jenis perekat sintetik dimana nilai kadar air, kadar abu, emisi CO, dan NO2 lebih rendah, sedangkan nilai kalornya lebih tinggi. Besarnya tekanan kempa akan meningkatkan kualitas briket arang yang dilihat dari nilai kadar abu. Semakin tinggi tekanan kempa yang digunakan kadar abu cenderung akan turun, hal ini disebabkan faktor tekanan kempa akan membentuk briket arang yang memiliki berat jenis berbeda. Berat jenis yang tinggi porisitas rongga semakin kecil, sehingga akan menghasilkan kadar abu semakin rendah. Emisi gas CO dan NO2 dari pembakaran briket arang daun kayu putih lebih rendah dari baku mutu udara emisi pada sumber tak bergerak yang ditetapkan pemerintah.

The use of leaves waste of Cajeput oil industry as raw material in charcoalbriquette production is one of alternatives of biomass energy, which is cheap, easy to get, renewable and environmentally clean. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of pyrolisis temperature, adhesive types, and hydraulic pressure to the charcoal- briquette quality and emission amount of CO and NO2 gases as the result of the charcoal- briquette combustion. This study used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and factorialarranged treatments. There were three factors of study, namely adhesive types (clay and Urea formaldehyde), pyrolisis temperature (200o C, 250o C, 300o C and 350o C) and hydraulic pressure (2 tons, 3 tons, 4 tons and 5 tons) with three repetitions. The parameters to be tested involved water content, ash content, caloric value and emission of CO and NO2 gases. The result which was obtained showed that pyrolisis temperature would increase the quality of charcoal-briquette. The most pryolisis temperature used would decrease the water and ash content, emission of CO in gas, but the value of charcoal-briquette was higher. The charcoaling process with the high temperature would decrease and steam the substance in leaves, this was due to the temperature of 2000C – 3500C so it would be occurred the exothermic reaction in which the content of cellulose and mineral in the leaves were hanged loosely. The adhesive type used in making the charcoal-briquette would increase its quality. The charcoal-briquette which obtained the best quality was the one of synthetic adhesive in which the value of water, and ash content, emission of CO and NO2 in gas was lower, while the value of their Calories was higher. The quantity of a press in pressure would increase the quality of charcoal-briquette shown from the value of ash content. The most pressure of a press used by the ash content would tend to be decreased, this was due to the factor of a press in pressure so it would shape the charcoal-briquette obtaining the different weight of type. The high weight of type, the porosity of space was more and more small so that it would result in the lowest ash content. The emission of CO and NO2 in gas from the burning of charcoal-briquette in the leaves of Cajeput oil was lower than the standard value of air emission at the unmoveable source specified by government.

Kata Kunci : Polusi Udara,Pembakaran Briket Arang,Limbah Daun Kayu Putih, The waste of Cajeput leaves, charcoal-briquette, quality, air polluti