Pembuatan dan karakterisasi Composite Edible/Biodegradable Film Sodium Karboksimetilselulosa batang semu Pisang Cavendish (Musa cavendishii Lambert ex Paxton

SETIAHADI, Eko, Dr.Ir. Djagal W. Marseno, M.Agr

2005 | Tesis | S2 Teknologi Hasil Perkebunan

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah pemanfaatan limbah batang semu pisang cavendish untuk disintesis menjadi sodium karboksimetilselulosa sebagai bahan pembentuk edible film. Penelitian ini dibagi menjadi empat tahap yaitu tahap isolasi dan modifikasi selulosa, pembuatan dan karakterisasi composite film dan aplikasi film. Isolasi selulosa dari batang semu pisang dengan NaOH 8 %. Modifikasi selulosa dengan proses alkalisasi dengan NaOH 15 % dan karboksimetilasi dengan sodium monokloroasetat . Pembuatan film dari sodium karboksimetilselulosa dengan berbagai konsentrasi yaitu 0,4 – 1,6 % (b/b), polietilen glikol 400 sebagai plasticizer dan emulsifier dan minyak kelapa sebagai komponen hidrofobik dengan konsentrasi masing-masing 10 % (b/b, dari berat NaCMC). Karakterisasi film yang dihasilkan. Aplikasi film dengan film yang mempunyai WVTR paling rendah untuk penyimpanan buah kelengkeng. Hasil memperlihatkan bahwa sifat film dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi sodium karboksimetilselulosa. Peningkatan konsentrasi sodium karboksimetilselulosa cenderung meningkatkan ketebalan dan tensile strength namun menurunkan pemanjangan, WVTR, dan kelarutan film. Perbedaan film antara NaCMC batang semu pisang dan NaCMC komersial dipengaruhi oleh kemurnian sodium karboksimetilselulosa itu. Film NaCMC komersial mempunyai tensile strength yang lebih baik dibandingkan film NaCMC batang semu pisang. Film NaCMC batang semu pisang mempunyai kelarutan yang lebih tinggi daripada film NaCMC komersial dan WVTR yang lebih rendah tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan film NaCMC komersial. Film komposit sodium karboksimetilselulosa menunjukkan kemampuan menahan susut berat buah kelengkeng.

The aim of this research is to utilize pseudostem cavendish banana to synthesis sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) as material to form edible films. This research was divided into four stages: extract on and modification of cellulose, formation biodegradable films and characterisation, and application of the films. The from pseudostem of banana, isolation of cellulose from pseudostem of banana was carried out with addition of 8 % NaOH. The modification of cellulose was done by alkalization process with 15 % NaOH and carboxymethylation using sodium monochloroacetate. The formation of the films from NaCMC with carried out with several concentration from 0,4 % - 1,6 % (w/w). Coconut oil as the hydrophobic component and polyethylene glycol as the plasticizer and emulsifier were used at concentration of 10 % (w/w, of NaCMC). The mixture was heated at 70 oC for 1 hour while stirring. After cooling at 30oC and keep for 13 hours, the mixture was heated at 60 oC before pouring into the plate. The films was dried at 40 oC for 8 hours. The films was evaluated for thickness, water vapor transmission rate, solubility in water, tensile strength and elongation. As well as evaluation on its utilization as a wrapping film for longan fruit. The result showed that properties of the films were affected by the concentration of NaCMC. The higher the concentration of the NaCMC the higher the tensile strength and thickness but the less value of the elongation, WVTR and the solubility of the film. The tensile strength of the film made from commercial NaCMC found to be better than that of NaCMC isolated from banana pseudostem. It is probably due to the higher purity of NaCMC. The solubility of the film from banana pseudostem NaCMC found to be better than that of commercial NaCMC. The WVTR of the film from banana pseudostem NaCMC found to be lower but not significantly than that of NaCMC isolated from banana pseudostem. The film showed to be able to inhibit the weight loss of longan during storage.

Kata Kunci : Edible Film,Sodium Karboksimetil Selulosa,Batang Semu Pisang, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, banana pseudostem, edible film, longan fruit.