Pengaruh pemberian makanan tambahan terhadap konsentrasi belajar siswa Sekolah Dasar

SUNARTI, Endang, dr. Madarina Julia, SpA(K).,MPH

2005 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang : Masa sekolah adalah masa pertumbuhan anak yang cepat sehingga memerlukan gizi yang cukup dan seimbang. Kekurangan gizi pada usia sekolah akan mengakibatkan ana k menjadi lemah, cepat lelah, dan sakit-sakitan, sehingga anak seringkali absen serta mengalami kesulitan untuk berkonsentrasi dalam belajar yang akhirnya berdampak pada prestasi belajar anak. Penanggulangan masalah kekurangan gizi tersebut, salah satunya dengan dilaksanakannya pemberian makanan tambahan anak sekolah dalam bentuk makanan kudapan dengan nilai gizi 300 kkal dan 5 gram protein. Tujuan : Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian makanan tambahan terhadap konsentrasi belajar siswa sekolah dasar. Metode : Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen semu dengan rancangan pre test – post test with crossover design. Penelitian ini dilakukan di 6 SD didesa tidak tertinggal di Kecamatan Ngemplak Kabupaten Sleman dengan jumlah sampel 136 anak. Ala t yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah kuesioner terstruktur, microtoise dan timbangan digital.. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian makanan tambahan terhadap konsentrasi belajar dengan menggunakan uji Paired Samples Test. Kontribusi dan sumbangan relatif dari variabel independent (multivariat) terhadap variabel dependent dengan menggunakan uji Regresi Linier Multivariat. Hasil : Status gizi responden kategori baik berdasarkan nilai z-score BB/TB dan TB/U. Rata-rata skor konsentrasi pagi dan siang terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada awal penelitian (p<0,001). Demikian pula rata-rata skor konsentrasi kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol terdapat perbedaan yang sangat bermakna pada pagi dan siang ( p<0,001). Terdapat korelasi yang sangat bermakna (p<0,001) dengan koefisien determinan (R2)=0,31. Antara skor konsentrasi siang dengan asupan energi makan pagi, asupan energi snack pagi, asupan protein makan pagi, asupan protein snack pagi dan skor konsentrasi pagi berdasarkan analisa regresi linier multivariat.

Background: Schooling period is the period of fast child growth so that children need sufficient and balanced nutrition. Nutrition deficiency during school age will cause children to be weak, get tired easily and ailing. Consequently, they are often absent from school and face difficulties to concentrate in their study so that this affects their academic achievement. One way to cope with problem of nutrition deficiency is by supplying complementary food to school children such as snack with nutrition value 3000k for calory and 5 grams for protein. Objectives: The study was aimed at identifying effect of complementary food supply to concentration of study of elementary school children. Methods: This was a quasi experiment research with pre test-post test non equivalent control group design. It was conducted in 6 elementary schools of non underdevelopeded village of Ngemplak Subdistrict, Sleman District with as many as 136 school children as samples. Research instruments used were structured questionnaires, microtoise and digital scale. Paired samples test was used to identify effect of complementary food supply to concentration of study, whereas multivariate linear regression test was used to identify relative contribution of independent variable to dependent variable. Results: Nutrition status of respondents was categorized as good, based on Z-Score value of body weight/height and height/age. In the preliminary study there was significant difference (p>0.001) of average score between morning concentration and afternoon concentration. There was also very significant difference of average score of concentration between treatment and control group in the morning and in the afternoon (p<0.001). There was very significant correlation (p<0.001) with determinant coefficient (R2)=0.31 between concentration score in the afternoon and intake of breakfast energy, intake of morning snack energy, intake of breakfast protein, intake of morning snack protein and morning concentration according to multivariate linear regression analysis. Conclusion: Supply of complementary food to elementary school children had very significant effect to concentration of study

Kata Kunci : Gizi Anak,Konsentrasi Belajar