Perilaku pencegahan malaria pada ibu hamil di Kecamatan Kokap Kabupaten Kulon Progo Yogyakarta

SUPIYATI, Prof.dr. Soesanto Tjokrosonto, M.Comm.H.,DTM

2005 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang : Masa kehamilan merupakan masa yang penuh resiko bagi wanita, terlebih apabila disertai dengan masalah kesehatan, salah satu masalah tersebut adalah malaria. Infeksi malaria dalam kehamilan secara tidak langsung menyebabkan, gangguan kesehatan janin dan kematian ibu. Upaya pencegahan malaria sangat perlu untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan ibu selama kehamilannya, upaya tersebut meliputi perbaikan pola perilaku kesehatan, pengelolaan lingkungan, serta peran bidan dalam kegiatan Ante Natal Care. Kecamatan Kokap merupakan daerah endemis dengan kasus ibu hamil malaria tertinggi dan terberat di Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Tujuan : Mendeskripsikan perilaku pencegahan malaria pada ibu hamil yaitu, pola perilaku, pengelolaan lingkungan sanitasi rumah tinggal ibu hamil serta peran bidan sebagai pelaksanan kebidanan dalam pencegahan malaria. Metodologi : Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode diskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian Utama adalah ibu hamil trimester II atau lebih yang tidak sedang menderita malaria, sebanyak 10 orang dan 4 bidan sebagai subjek tambahan. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Kokap kabupaten Kulon Progo. Subjek dipilih dengan menggunakan metode puposive sampling, dan teknik snowball. Metode pengumpulan data dengan wawancara mendalam dan observasi lingkungan, dibantu alat dokumentasi seperti tape recorder, kamera foto dan buku catatan lapangan. Analisis data menggunakan analisis data kualitatif dari langkah pengumpulan data, sampai terbentuk suatu penjelasan. Keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan metode. Hasil Penelitian : Pada umumnya ibu hamil mengetahui pengertian, tanda-tanda, cara penularan dan pencegahan malaria. Ibu hamil tidak dapat membedakan antara penyakit malaria dengan demam berdarah. Perilaku ibu hamil tentang upaya pencegahan malaria pada umumnya tidak sesuai dengan pengetahuannya. Kondisi lingkungan sanitasi rumah rata-rata mendukung terjadinya malaria. Peran bidan dalam melakukan kegiatan ANC belum terfokus dan komperhensif, dengan alasan kurangnya koordinasi antara lintas program dan keterbatasan tenaga. Kesimpulan : Pola perilaku, kondisi lingkungan dan sanitasi rumah ibu hamil, mendukung terjadinya malaria, serta peran bidan dalam ANC belum terfokus pada pencegahan malaria kehamilan.

Background : Pregnancy period is a risky period for women, especially if it is accompanied by health problems. which one of them is malaria. Malaria infection during pregnancy indirectly causes fetus health problem and mothers mortality. Efforts to prevent malaria are much needed to improve mothers health status during pregnancy. Such efforts are among others improvement of health behavior pattern, environment management, and midwives role in antenatal care activities. Kokap sub district an endemic area with highest and most serious malaria pregnant mothers case at Kulon Progo District. Objectives : The study was intended to describe malaria prevention behavior among pregnant mothers which consisted of behavior pattern, environmental management of living place sanitation and role of midwifes as officers of midwifery in malaria prevention. Methods : The study used a descriptive qualitative method. The main subjects of the study were pregnant mothers of trimester II or more who were not suffering from malaria as many as 10 mothers and additional subject were as many and 4 midwives. They were purposively taken with snowball technique. The study was done at Kokap sub district, Kulon Progo District. Data collection used indepth interview and environment observation supported with documentation instruments such as tape recorder, photo camera and field notes. Data were analyzed qualitatively from data collection to explanation. Data validity used triangulation of resources and methods. Results : Pregnant mothers in general knew definition, signs, infection methods and prevention of malaria. How ever they could not differentiate malaria from hemorrhagic fever. Pregnant mothers behavior about efforts of malaria was in general irrelevant with their knowledge. Condition of home sanitation environment in average induced to malaria occurrence. Role of midwives in antenatal care activities was not yet focussed and comprehensive for reasons of lack of coordination across programs and staff. Conclusion : Behavior pattern, environment condition and home sanitation of pregnant mothers induced to malaria occurrence and role of midwies in antenatal care was not focused on malaria prevention during pregnancy.

Kata Kunci : Perilaku Sehat,Ibu Hamil,Pencegahan Malaria, malaria prevention, pregnant mothers