Hubungan paparan debu karbon hitam dengan gejala saluran pernafasan dan gangguan ventilasi paru pekerja di PT. Aneka Sinendo Kabupaten Kulonprogo Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

FAISAL, Prof.Dr.dr. Adi Heru Sutomo, M.Sc

2005 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Kerja

Latar Belakang. Keluhan subyektif saluran pernapasan yang sering terjadi pada tenaga kerja di PT. Aneka Sinendo, berupa batuk-batuk, dahak dan sesak napas. Belum pernah dilakukan pengukuran kadar debu karbon hitam, karena bentuk aslinya berupa partikel debu dan serat halus, bersifat iritatif, Bila terhirup dalam jumlah dan waktu yang lama dapat mengakibatkan gangguan kapasitas fungsi paru. Khususnya di bagian produksi (extruder dan oven), pengepakan dan gudang yang merupakan potensial hazard. Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui kadar pemaparan debu karbon hitam di lingkungan kerja serta untuk mengetahui adanya korelasi antara kadar debu karbon hitam dengan keluhan subyektif saluran pernapasan dan gangguan fungsi ventilasi paru. Cara Penelitian. Penelitian ini adalah non eksperimental dengan rancangan cross sectional. Subyek penelitian berjumlah 60 orang. Variabel bebas adalah kadar debu karbon hitam diukur dengan Low Volume Dust Sampler. Variabel terikat adalah fungsi ventilasi paru yang diukur dengan spirometer. Variabel antara dalam penelitian ini adalah keluhan subyektif gangguan saluran pernapasan diukur dengan kuesioner yang diadopsi dari British Occupational Hygiene Society Comitte on Hygiene Standards (Sub-Comitte on Vegetable Textile Dusts). Variabel lain yang turut dianalisis adalah status gizi, masa kerja, kebiasaan merokok dan pemakaian APD masker. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif dan analitik menggunakan program SPSS 1.1 dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95 % atau á = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar karbon hitam di ruang proses produksi (extruder dan oven ) melebihi standar (NAB) yang ditentukan. Ada hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar debu karbon hitam dengan keluhan subyektif saluran pernapasan dan gangguan fungsi ventilasi paru (p<0.05). Terdapat pula hubungan yang bermakna antara gangguan saluran pernapasan dengan gangguan ventilasi faal paru. Faktor resiko lain yang berpengaruh adalah status gizi (p<0,05; OR=0,703). Masa kerja (p>0,05; OR=1,529), kebiasaan merokok (p>0,05; OR=0,703) dan pemakaian APD masker (p>0,05; OR=1,6).

Background. Subjective illnesses of respiratory which are often happened to labors in PT Aneka Sinedo are cough, phlegm, cold, and asphyxia. Until now there has never been conducted to measure dust contents of black carbon. This is because the original form of them are dust particles and soft fibers, they have also irritation character, if breathed for long time and in many quantities, they can emerge capacity disorder of lung function, especially in production division (extruder and oven), packing and warehouse representing high hazard potentially. Purposes. To know contents of disseminating black carbon dust in work environment and also to know correlation between contents of black carbon dust and subjective illnesses of respiratory and disorder of lung ventilation function. Research Methodology. This research was non experimental with cross sectional device. Research subject composes 60 labors. Independent variables were contents of black carbon dust measured by Low Volume Dust Sampler. Dependent variables were function of lung ventilation measured by Spirometer. Mean variables in this research were subjective illnesses of respiratory disorder measured by questionnaires adopted from British Occupational Hygiene Society Committee on Hygiene Standards (Sub-Committee on Vegetable Textile Dusts). Other variables which were also analyzed were nutrient status, job period, smoking habit, and used of mask as PPE. The obtained data were analyzed descriptively and analytically by using SPSS 11 Program with trust interval 95%. Research Results. The results indicated that contents of black carbon in space of production process (extruder and oven) were beyond determined standard (NAB). There was significant correlation between contents of black carbon dust and subjective illness of respiratory and function disorder of lung ventilation (o<0.05). There was also significant correlation between respiratory disorder and lung function ventilation disorder. Other influence risk factors were nutrient status (p<0,05; OR=0,703 ). Whereas the job period (p>0,05; OR=1,529), smoking habit ( p>0,05; OR=0,703) and usage of mask as PPE ( p>0,05; OR=1,6).

Kata Kunci : Kesehatan Kerja,Debu Karbon Hitam,Gangguan Fungsi Ventilasi Paru, black carbon dust, subjective illness of respiratory, lung ventilation disorder