Uji kemampuan berbagai jamur tanah yang diisolasi dari lahan pasir sebagai PGPF dan Agens pengendali hayati penyakit layu fusarium pada semangka

WOROSURYANI, Catharina, Dr.Ir. Achmadi Priyatmojo, M.Sc

2005 | Tesis | S2 Fitopatologi

Dalam rhizofer tanaman budidaya dan rumput liar di lahan pasir terdapat jamur–jamur tanah yang mampu bertahan dan memacu pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan jamur tanah sebagai PGPF dan menekan serangan patogen terhadap tanaman. PGPF diisolasi dari rhizosfer tanaman bawang merah, cabai, semangka, jagung dan rumput liar lahan pasir di pantai Samas dan Bugel, Yogyakarta. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium IPT Klinik dan rumah kaca Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gajah Mada Yogyakarta dan rumah plastik di Bantul. Penelitian menggunakan split plot, sub plot perlakuan PGPF dan main plot perlakuan inokulasi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum dengan 5 ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah DSI (Disease severity index), Intensitas penyakit (IP), tinggi tanaman dan berat kering tanaman. Dari 33 isolat yang diperoleh dari rhizosfer lahan pasir terdapat 25 isolat dapat berperan sebagai PGPF. Sembilan isolat PGPF terpilih, Trichoderma spp. (isolat SB32,CB32 dan CB21), Penicillium spp. (isolat SB42 dan CW32) dan Aspergillus spp. (isolat BB12, CB32, SW52, dan SB41) merupakan isolat yang efektif meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman. Isolat ini mampu meningkatkan tinggi tanaman dan berat kering tanaman dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Pada tanaman semangka, Trichoderma sp. isolat SB32, Penicillium sp. isolat SB42 dan Aspergillus sp. isolat SB41 efektif menekan serangan Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, isolat CB32, CB21 dan CW32 menghambat serangan Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum masing-masing sebesar 15,6; 9,4 dan 25,4%. Pertumbuhan tanaman dengan PGPF belum dapat efektif, karena hasil tanaman belum dapat diketahui. Efektifitas PGPF tergantung juga pada hara tanah yang dapat menambah kemampuan pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman.

Soil fungi occurred in the rhizosphere of many cultivated crops and wild grasses in the sandy soil were effective in enhancing the plant growth. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil fungi from sandy soil as plant growth promoting fungi (PGPF) and antagonism to soil born pathogens. PGPF were isolation from rhizosphere of onions, peppers, water melons, corns and wild grasses in Samas and Bugel Yogyakarta. The experiment was conducted in Clinical Laboratory of Plant Pathology and glass house of Agriculture Faculty Gadjah Mada University in Yogyakarta, and plastic house in Bantul. The treatment was conducted in Split-plot, where sub plot as PGPF and main plot as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum inoculation with 5 replications. Parameter observed was biomass, plant hight, Disease Intensity, and Disease Severity Index. Among 33 rhizosphere fungi tested, 26 fungi isolates were PGPF. Out of the nine screening isolates, Trichoderma spp. (SB32, CB32 and CB21) and Penicillium spp. (SB42 and CW32) were effective in enhancing the growth of water melon. They enhanced significantly the hight and dry biomass of plants compared with control. In the antagonism tested, Trichoderma sp. (SB32), Penicillium sp. (SB42) and Aspergillus sp. (SB41) were effective to supreess Fusarium oxysporum f sp niveum with disease index of 0%. Trichoderma spp. (CB32 and CB21) dan Penicillium sp. (CW32) were less effective to suppress the diseasewith disease index of 15,6; 9,4 and 25,4% respectively.

Kata Kunci : Penyakit Layu Fusarium,Semangka,Jamur Tanah, Plant Growth Promoting Fungi, Fusarium oxysporum f sp. niveum, plant growth, antagonism