PENGARUH STRUKTUR LAPISAN DAN WAKTU PENGEMPAAN TERHADAP SIFAT PAPAN LAMINASI HYBRID SENGON (Falcataria moluccana) DAN BAMBU BETUNG (Dendrocalamus asper)

Gabriel Daneswara Prakadea, Ir. Muhammad Navis Rofii, S.Hut., M.Sc., Ph.D., IPM.

2026 | Skripsi | KEHUTANAN

Papan laminasi hybrid merupakan salah satu produk kayu rekayasa yang mengombinasikan dua jenis material lignoselulosa guna memperoleh sifat fisika dan mekanika yang lebih baik. Kombinasi veneer kayu sengon (Falcataria moluccana) sebagai lapisan luar dan laminasi bambu betung (Dendrocalamus asper) sebagai lapisan inti diharapkan mampu menghasilkan papan laminasi yang ringan, kuat, serta berpotensi sebagai material alternatif pengganti kayu solid.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh struktur lapisan dan waktu pengempaan terhadap sifat fisika dan mekanika papan laminasi hybrid veneer sengon dan laminasi bambu betung. Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan veneer kayu sengon dan bambu betung dengan dua variasi struktur lapisan, yaitu susunan veneer sengon sejajar–laminasi bambu sejajar–veneer sengon sejajar serta susunan veneer sengon tegak lurus–laminasi bambu sejajar–veneer sengon tegak lurus. Variasi waktu pengempaan yang digunakan adalah 5 menit, 7,5 menit, dan 10 menit pada suhu konstan 160°C dengan menggunakan perekat fenol formaldehida (PF). Pengujian sifat fisika meliputi kadar air dan kerapatan berdasarkan standar BS 373 (1957), sedangkan pengujian sifat mekanika mencakup modulus elastisitas (MOE), modulus patah (MOR), serta kekerasan menggunakan alat Universal Testing Machine (UTM).

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat interaksi yang signifikan antara variasi struktur lapisan dan waktu pengempaan terhadap sifat fisika maupun mekanika papan laminasi hybrid. Namun secara mandiri, struktur lapisan memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap sifat kelenturan, di mana susunan lapisan sejajar menghasilkan nilai modulus elastisitas (MOE) dan modulus patah (MOR) yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan susunan tegak lurus. Sebaliknya, variasi waktu pengempaan tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap keseluruhan parameter sifat fisika dan mekanika papan laminasi yang diuji.

Hybrid laminated boards are one type of engineered wood product that combines two lignocellulosic materials to achieve improved physical and mechanical properties. The combination of sengon (Falcataria moluccana) wood veneer as the outer layers and betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) laminates as the core layer is expected to produce lightweight and strong laminated boards with the potential to serve as an alternative to solid wood

This study aimed to determine the effects of layer configuration and pressing time on the physical and mechanical properties of hybrid laminated boards made from sengon wood veneer and betung bamboo laminates. The materials used were sengon wood veneer and betung bamboo, with two variations in layer configuration: a parallel configuration consisting of parallel-oriented sengon veneers and parallel-oriented bamboo laminates, and a perpendicular configuration consisting of perpendicular-oriented sengon veneers and parallel-oriented bamboo laminates. The pressing times were 5, 7.5, and 10 minutes at a constant temperature of 160°C using phenol-formaldehyde (PF) adhesive. The physical properties tested included moisture content and density based on BS 373 (1957), while the mechanical properties included modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), and hardness, which were evaluated using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM).

The results showed that there was no significant interaction between layer configuration and pressing time in affecting the physical and mechanical properties of the hybrid laminated boards. However, layer configuration independently had a significant effect on bending properties, with the parallel configuration exhibiting higher modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) values than the perpendicular configuration. In contrast, pressing time had no significant effect on any of the physical or mechanical properties evaluated.

Kata Kunci : Keywords: sengon veneer, betung bamboo laminates, physical properties, layer configuration, pressing time.