Perancangan Serious Game Multiplayer Berbasis Web untuk Simulasi Mekanisme Harga dan Persaingan pada Jaringan Reverse Supply Chain Sampah Anorganik

Rahmi Narti Syafitri, Prof. Ir. Anna Maria Sri Asih, S.T., M.M., M.Sc., Ph.D., IPU., ASEAN Eng.

2026 | Skripsi | TEKNIK INDUSTRI

Bank sampah unit (BSU) berperan penting dalam aliran balik sampah anorganik rumah tangga, tetapi berposisi sebagai penerima harga di tengah fluktuasi harga pasar, ketidakpastian setoran rumah tangga, dan persaingan memperoleh pasokan. Kajian terdahulu tentang pricing, persaingan, dan information sharing pada reverse supply chain umumnya berbasis model matematis pada objek bernilai tinggi, dan belum tersedia serious game multiplayer berbasis Web untuk konteks bank sampah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan serious game berbasis Web multiplayer yang mensimulasikan harga, persaingan, dan koordinasi informasi pada jaringan rumah tangga, BSU, rongsokan, bank sampah induk, dan pengepul pusat, serta menganalisis dampak transparansi informasi harga dan sistem pricing terhadap volume sampah, profit, modal akhir, dan kebutuhan injeksi modal. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan Design Science Research (Peffers et al., 2007). Game dirancang dengan 10 ronde, mekanisme ongkos kirim, kapasitas, minimal pengiriman, injeksi modal, utang, dan kebangkrutan, serta tiga skenario: dynamic pricing dengan informasi tertutup, dynamic pricing dengan informasi terbuka, dan fixed pricing dengan informasi terbuka. Demonstrasi dilakukan dalam sembilan sesi (tiga sesi per skenario) dengan lima pemain per sesi, dan evaluasi dilakukan melalui validasi teoritis serta System Usability Scale (SUS). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa game berhasil diimplementasikan dan memperoleh skor SUS rata-rata 72,5 (Acceptable, Good). Pemberian informasi harga pusat sebelum BSU menetapkan harga menyempitkan selisih harga dan memperbaiki kinerja BSU: rata-rata kerugian BSU A turun dari Rp30.836 menjadi Rp9.408, sisa modal naik dari Rp19.164 menjadi Rp40.592, dan injeksi modal turun dari dua menjadi satu kali, meski dampaknya tidak seragam karena profit rongsokan justru menurun. Pada kondisi informasi terbuka, dynamic pricing menghasilkan total kerugian lebih kecil (Rp58.295) daripada fixed pricing (Rp96.993) dan sisa modal yang lebih tinggi pada seluruh aktor. Seluruh aktor pada ketiga skenario mengalami profit rata-rata negatif dan membutuhkan injeksi modal, yang menunjukkan bahwa modal kerja cadangan menentukan keberlangsungan usaha. Hasil berasal dari rata-rata tiga sesi per skenario tanpa uji statistik sehingga tidak dimaksudkan sebagai generalisasi.

Unit waste banks (BSU) play an important role in the reverse flow of household inorganic waste, but they act as price takers amid market price fluctuations, uncertain household deposits, and competition for supply. Previous studies on pricing, competition, and information sharing in reverse supply chains are generally based on mathematical models of high-value objects, and no multiplayer Web-based serious game is yet available for the waste bank context. This study aims to develop a multiplayer Web-based serious game that simulates pricing, competition, and information coordination in a network of households, BSUs, scrap collectors, a parent waste bank, and a central collector, and to analyze the effect of price information transparency and pricing system on waste volume, profit, final capital, and the need for capital injection. The study uses a Design Science Research approach (Peffers et al., 2007). The game is designed with 10 rounds and mechanisms for shipping cost, capacity, minimum shipment, capital injection, debt, and bankruptcy, along with three scenarios: dynamic pricing with closed information, dynamic pricing with open information, and fixed pricing with open information. The demonstration was conducted in nine sessions (three per scenario) with five players per session, and evaluation was carried out through theoretical validation and the System Usability Scale (SUS). The results show that the game was successfully implemented and achieved an average SUS score of 72.5 (Acceptable, Good). Providing the central price before BSUs set their prices narrowed the price gap and improved BSU performance: BSU A’s average loss fell from Rp30,836 to Rp9,408, remaining capital rose from Rp19,164 to Rp40,592, and capital injections fell from two to one, although the effect was not uniform because the scrap collector’s profit actually declined. Under open information, dynamic pricing produced a smaller total loss (Rp58,295) than fixed pricing (Rp96,993) and higher remaining capital for all actors. All actors in all three scenarios had negative average profit and required capital injections, indicating that reserve working capital determines business sustainability. The results are based on the average of three sessions per scenario without statistical testing and are therefore not intended to be generalized

Kata Kunci : serious game, reverse supply chain, bank sampah, transparansi informasi harga, dynamic pricing, simulasi multiplayer