Kelayakan Finansial Usaha Tani Bawang Merah Lahan Pasir Pantai di Kapanewon Kretek Kabupaten Bantul

Salma Nabila Adiya Putri, Muh Amat Nasir, S.P., M.Sc.; Anung Pranyoto, S.P., M.P.; Asih Kusumaningsih, S.P., M.Sc.

2026 | Skripsi | SOS.EK. PERTANIAN (AGROBISNIS)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui pendapatan usaha tani bawang merah pada sistem monokultur dan polikultur, (2) mengetahui kelayakan finansial usaha tani bawang merah pada kedua sistem, dan (3) mengetahui pengaruh perubahan harga jual bawang merah terhadap kelayakan finansial usaha tani pada kedua sistem di lahan pasir pantai. Penelitian dilakukan di Kapanewon Kretek, Kabupaten Bantul, dengan lokasi yang ditentukan secara purposive. Metode dasar yang digunakan adalah metode survei melalui wawancara terhadap 54 petani bawang merah yang dipilih secara purposive. Data dianalisis melalui perhitungan biaya dan pendapatan, R/C Ratio, B/C Ratio, Break Even Point, serta analisis sensitivitas menggunakan metode switching value. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan usaha tani pada sistem polikultur sebesar Rp96.608.320/ha, lebih tinggi dibandingkan sistem monokultur sebesar Rp73.916.837/ha. Kedua sistem dinyatakan layak secara finansial dengan nilai R/C Ratio dan B/C Ratio di atas satu, serta nilai aktual penerimaan, produksi, dan harga yang berada di atas BEP. Sistem polikultur memiliki ketahanan yang lebih baik terhadap penurunan harga jual dibandingkan sistem monokultur. Petani bawang merah disarankan menerapkan sistem polikultur karena menghasilkan pendapatan lebih tinggi dan lebih mampu mempertahankan kelayakan finansial saat harga jual menurun. Selain itu, petani dapat mengembangkan sarana penyimpanan hasil panen secara swadaya agar penjualan dapat ditunda ketika harga rendah.

This research aims to (1) determine the farm income of shallot cultivation under monoculture and polyculture systems, (2) assess the financial feasibility of shallot farming under both systems, and (3) examine the effect of changes in shallot selling price on the financial feasibility of farming under both systems on coastal sandy land. The research was conducted in Kretek Sub-district, Bantul Regency, with the location selected purposively. The basic method used was a survey method through interviews with 54 shallot farmers who were purposively selected. Data were analyzed through the calculation of costs and income, R/C Ratio, B/C Ratio, Break Even Point (BEP), and sensitivity analysis using the switching value method. The results showed that farm income under the polyculture system was Rp96,608,320/ha, higher than that of the monoculture system at Rp73,916,837/ha. Both systems were financially feasible with R/C Ratio and B/C Ratio values above one, and the actual values of revenue, production, and price exceeded the BEP. The polyculture system demonstrated greater resilience to selling price declines compared to the monoculture system. Shallot farmers are recommended to adopt the polyculture system because it generates higher income and is better able to maintain financial feasibility when selling prices decline. In addition, farmers or farmer groups can develop storage facilities independently so that sales can be delayed when prices are low.

Kata Kunci : Bawang merah, lahan pasir, kelayakan finansial, sensitivitas harga.