Pengaruh Karakterisik Lahan yang Berbeda terhadap Kesesuaian Lahan Porang pada Satuan Lahan Dusun Singosaren, Wukirsari, Imogiri, Bantul

Dendy Mufti Abrafi Haq, Dr. Agr. Makruf Nurudin, S.P., M.P. ; Imas Masithoh Devangsari, S.P., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2026 | Skripsi | ILMU TANAH

Penyempitan lahan pertanian akibat pembangunan infrastruktur mendorong perlunya optimalisasi pemanfaatan lahan yang tersedia melalui evaluasi kesesuaian lahan, tidak terkecuali untuk komoditas ekspor bernilai ekonomis tinggi seperti porang (Amorphophallus muelleri). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kelas kesesuaian lahan tanaman porang pada satuan lahan (SPL) yang berbeda di Dusun Singosaren, Wukirsari, Imogiri, Bantul, mengidentifikasi parameter karakteristik lahan yang menjadi faktor pembatas, serta merumuskan upaya perbaikan produktivitas tanaman. Penelitian dilaksanakan Februari–Agustus 2025 melalui survei lapangan, pengambilan sampel tanah pada 30 titik dari 15 SPL hasil intersect penggunaan lahan, kemiringan lereng, dan geologi (metode Proportional Stratified Sampling), analisis fisika-kimia tanah di laboratorium, serta wawancara sosial-ekonomi petani, kemudian dievaluasi menggunakan metode pencocokan (matching) mengacu pada kriteria Ritung et al. (2011) dan diolah menjadi peta kesesuaian lahan berbasis SIG. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan 11 SPL tergolong kelas S2 (cukup sesuai), 1 SPL kelas S3 (sesuai marginal), dan 3 SPL kelas N (tidak sesuai), tanpa satu pun SPL mencapai kelas S1. Faktor pembatas utama adalah bahaya erosi (kemiringan lereng agak curam >15% pada lahan kebun campuran/tegalan di sisi timur dusun) dan media perakaran (dominasi tekstur lempung >44% di seluruh SPL beserta persentase bahan kasar), sementara parameter iklim, toksisitas, dan sodisitas tidak membatasi. Upaya perbaikan yang direkomendasikan meliputi penambahan bahan organik/biochar untuk memperbaiki struktur tanah, pemupukan ZK/KCl bertahap untuk SPL berstatus kalium rendah, penanaman cover crop legum (Arachis pintoi, Centrosema pubescens, Pueraria javanica) pada lahan berlereng, serta penyuluhan budidaya (GAP) mengingat aspek sosial-ekonomi menunjukkan riwayat kegagalan usaha tani porang akibat fluktuasi harga pasar dan minimnya pengetahuan teknik budidaya di kalangan petani setempat.

The shrinking of agricultural land due to infrastructure development has increased the need to optimize the use of available land through land suitability evaluation, particularly for high-value export commodities such as porang (Amorphophallus muelleri). This study aims to determine the land suitability class of porang cultivation across different land units (SPL) in Singosaren Hamlet, Wukirsari, Imogiri, Bantul, to identify the land characteristic parameters that act as limiting factors, and to formulate improvement measures to enhance crop productivity. The research was conducted from February to August 2025 through field surveys, soil sampling at 30 points across 15 land units derived from the intersection of land use, slope, and geology (using the Proportional Stratified Sampling method), physical-chemical soil analysis in the laboratory, and socio-economic interviews with farmers. The data were then evaluated using the matching method based on the criteria of Ritung et al. (2011) and processed into a land suitability map using GIS. The evaluation results show that 11 land units fall into class S2 (moderately suitable), 1 land unit falls into class S3 (marginally suitable), and 3 land units fall into class N (not suitable), with none reaching class S1 (highly suitable). The main limiting factors are erosion hazard (moderately steep slopes exceeding 15% on mixed-garden and dryland-farming plots in the eastern part of the hamlet) and rooting condition (the dominance of clay texture exceeding 44?ross all land units, along with the coarse material content), while climate, toxicity, and sodicity parameters were not found to be limiting. Recommended improvement measures include the addition of organic matter/biochar to improve soil structure, phased application of ZK/KCl fertilizers for land units with low potassium status, planting of leguminous cover crops (Arachis pintoi, Centrosema pubescens, Pueraria javanica) on sloped land, and agricultural extension on Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), given that socio-economic findings revealed a history of unsuccessful porang farming due to market price fluctuations and limited farmer knowledge of proper cultivation techniques in the study area.

Kata Kunci : evaluasi kesesuaian lahan, porang, satuan peta lahan, kemiringan lereng, media perakaran, Imogiri