Kajian Biochar Limbah Organik terhadap Sifat Kimia Tanah, Efisiensi Serapan Hara, dan Air oleh Padi pada Inceptisol Patuk, Gunungkidul

Saskya Physheta Villaryvantya Tasya Salsabilla, Dr. Ir. Eko Hanudin, M.P., IPU, ASEAN Eng; Dr. Firdausi Nur Azizah, S.P.

2026 | Skripsi | ILMU TANAH

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh biochar limbah organik terhadap beberapa sifat kimia tanah Inceptisol, Patuk, Gunungkidul dan efisiensi hara (N, P, K) dan air guna meningkatkan produktivitas padi (Oryza sativa L.) varietas Gamagora 7. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan dua faktor yakni jenis biochar (sampah sapuan daun (BS), sludge susu (BM), dan cangkang cangkang nyamplung (BN)) dan dosis biochar (5, 10, 15 ton/ha) kemudian ditambah dengan kontrol negatif/K0 (kontrol tanpa biochar dan pupuk) dan kontrol positif/K1 (kontrol tanpa biochar namun dengan pupuk). Hasil menunjukkan aplikasi biochar secara nyata meningkatkan sifat kimia tanah awal (pH H₂O, pH KCl, KPK, P-Tersedia) setelah inkubasi 14 hari. Peningkatan P-tersedia paling optimal dicapai pada perlakuan BS10 (49,19 ppm) sedangkan pH H₂O tertinggi pada BM15 (5,97). Sifat kimia tersebut mampu dipertahankan hingga pasca panen. Namun, perbaikan sifat kimia tanah tidak linear dengan parameter agronomis padi yang secara statistik tidak ada beda nyata. Hal ini disebabkan oleh serangan penyakit busuk pelepah akibat dari infeksi jamur Sarocladium oryzae yang menyebar pada fase generatif meskipun penanganan pertama telah dilakukan sewaktu fase vegetatif. 

This study aimed to examine the effects of organic waste biochar on the chemical properties of Inceptisols, Patuk, Gunungkidul, as well as the nutrient (N, P, K) and water uptake efficiency for productivity of paddy (Oryza sativa L.) Gamagora 7 variety. The experiment used a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors are biochar types types (leaf litter (BS), dairy sludge (BM), cangkang nyamplung shell (BN)) and dosage levels (5, 10, 15 tons/ha), along with negative control/K0 (control without biochar and fertilizer) and positive control/K1 (control without biochar). . The results showed that biochar application significantly improved initial soil chemical properties (pH H?O, pH KCl, CEC, available P) after a 14 day incubation period. The most optimal increase in available P was found in the BS10 treatment (49.19 ppm), while the highest pH increase was achieved by BM15 (5.97). These improved properties were significantly maintained until post-harvest.  However, the enhancement of soil chemical properties did not linearly improve the vegetative growth and productivity of Gamagora 7 paddy, which showed no statistically significant differences among treatments. This is caused by an attack of sheath rot disease resulting from infection by the fungus Sarocladium oryzae, which spread during the generative phase despite initial treatment having been carried out during the vegetative phase.  

Kata Kunci : Inceptisol, Biochar, Gamagora 7, Sarocladium oryzae