Analisis Tarif Jalan Tol Yogyakarta–Bawen Dengan Pendekatan Ability to Pay (ATP), Willingness to Pay (WTP), dan Biaya Operasi Kendaraan (BOK)

Herzulfia Putri, Prof. Ir. Sigit Priyanto, M.Sc., Ph.D.

2026 | Skripsi | TEKNIK SIPIL

Pembangunan Jalan Tol Yogyakarta–Bawen menjadi bagian dari pengembangan jaringan jalan yang menghubungkan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dengan Jawa Tengah. Ruas ini direncanakan sebagai alternatif perjalanan antara wilayah Yogyakarta dan Bawen di Kabupaten Semarang dengan waktu tempuh yang lebih efisien serta konektivitas antar wilayah yang lebih baik. Dalam pengoperasiannya, pengguna jalan tol dikenakan tarif sebagai biaya atas pelayanan jalan tol yang digunakan. Berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 23 Tahun 2024 tentang Jalan Tol, tarif tol awal ditetapkan pada saat jalan tol mulai dioperasikan, sedangkan penyesuaian tarif dilakukan setiap dua tahun oleh pihak pengelola jalan tol setelah memperoleh persetujuan dari Menteri. Analisis tarif Jalan Tol Yogyakarta–Bawen dilakukan dalampenelitian ini untuk kondisi ketika jalan tol telah beroperasi penuh dengan memperhitungkan inflasi hingga tahun operasi.

Penelitian ini melibatkan 140 calon pengguna Jalan Tol Yogyakarta–Bawen sebagai responden. Data primer diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner secara daring menggunakan Google Form untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik responden serta memperoleh informasi mengenai penghasilan, pengeluaran transportasi, pengeluaran biaya tol, frekuensi perjalanan, kemampuan membayar, dan kesediaan membayar. Selain data primer, penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder berupa geometri jalan, volume lalu lintas, harga komponen kendaraan, Produk Domestik Regional Bruto atas dasar harga konstan, serta sasaran inflasi. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis melalui tiga pendekatan, yaitu Biaya Operasi Kendaraan (BOK) dengan metode Pacific Consultant Internasional (PCI), Ability to Pay (ATP), dan Willingness to Pay (WTP). Proyeksi nilai hingga tahun operasi dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan sasaran inflasi yang mengacu pada Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 31 Tahun 2024.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik calon pengguna Jalan Tol Yogyakarta–Bawen serta besaran tarif yang sesuai berdasarkan metode pendekatan yang digunakan. Berdasarkan hasil survei, responden didominasi oleh laki-laki sebesar 51,43%. Sebanyak 95,00% responden berada pada rentang usia 20–60 tahun, dengan kelompok usia terbesar 51–60 tahun sebesar 33,57?n rata-rata usia 41,7 tahun. Jenis pekerjaan didominasi oleh wiraswasta/pedagangdan karyawan swasta dengan persentase gabungan sebesar 55,72%, dengan kelompok terbesar wiraswasta/pedagang sebesar 29,29%. Kelompok penghasilan terbesar berada pada rentang Rp2.000.000–Rp4.000.000 per bulan sebesar 29,29%, sedangkan secara keseluruhan 50,00% responden memiliki penghasilan pada rentang Rp2.000.000–Rp6.000.000 per bulan dan 41,43% responden memiliki penghasilan di atas Rp6.000.000 per bulan. Nilai tarif jalan tol maksimal berdasarkan pendekatan BOK metode PCI dengan inflasi hingga tahun operasi 2029sebesar Rp189.905,51 (Rp2.492,20/km), berdasarkan analisis ATP rata-rata responden sebesar Rp167.719,30 (Rp2.201,04/km), dan nilai tarif berdasarkan analisis WTP rata-rata responden sebesar Rp152.214,29 (Rp1.997,56/km). Diperoleh tarif ideal sebesar Rp162.555,86(Rp2.133,28/km) berdasarkan hubungan analisis ATP dan WTP dengan persentase akumulasi responden 31,01%.

The construction of the Yogyakarta–Bawen Toll Road is part of the road network development connecting the Special Region of Yogyakarta with Central Java. This section is planned as an alternative travel route between the Yogyakarta and Bawen areas in Semarang Regency, offering more efficient travel times and improved regional connectivity. During its operation, toll road users are required to pay a tariff for the services provided. According to Government Regulation No. 23 of 2024 concerning Toll Roads, the initial toll tariff is determined when the toll road begins operation, while adjustments are conducted every two years by the operator upon approval from the Minister. This study analyzes the tariff for the Yogyakarta–Bawen Toll Road under full operational conditions by incorporating inflation up to the operation year.

This study involved 140 prospective users of the Yogyakarta–Bawen Toll Road as respondents. Primary data were gathered through online Google Form questionnaires to identify respondent characteristics and obtain information regarding income, transport expenses, toll costs, trip frequency, Ability to Pay (ATP), and Willingness to Pay (WTP). In addition to primary data, this study used secondary data consisting of road road geometry, traffic volume, vehicle component prices, Constant Price GRDP, and target inflation rates. Data were analyzed using three approaches: Vehicle Operating Cost (VOC) via the Pacific Consultant International (PCI) method, Ability to Pay (ATP), and Willingness to Pay (WTP). Value projections to the operation year were calculated considering inflation targets referencing Ministry of Finance Regulation No. 31 of 2024.

Results reveal the characteristics of prospective users and the appropriate tariff based on the applied methods. Survey findings indicate male dominance at 51.43%. Most respondents (95.00%) ranged between 20–60 years old, with the largest age group being 51–60 years old (33.57%) and an average age of 41.7 years. Occupations were dominated by entrepreneurs/traders and private employees (55.72% combined), led by entrepreneurs/traders at 29.29%. The largest monthly income group ranged from IDR 2,000,000–IDR 4,000,000 (29.29%), while 50.00?rned between IDR 2,000,000–IDR 6,000,000 and 41.43?rned above IDR 6,000,000 monthly. The maximum toll tariff based on VOC approach using the PCI method with inflation projected to 2029 is IDR 189,905.51 (IDR 2,492.20/km). The average tariff based on the ATP analysis is IDR 167,719.30 (IDR 2,201.04/km), while the average tariff based on the WTP is IDR 152,214.29 (IDR 1,997.56/km). An ideal tariff of IDR 162,555.86 (IDR 2,133.28/km) was derived from the intersection of ATP and WTP analyses at an accumulated respondent percentage of 31.01%.The construction of the Yogyakarta–Bawen Toll Road is part of the road network development connecting the Special Region of Yogyakarta with Central Java. This section is planned as an alternative travel route between the Yogyakarta and Bawen areas in Semarang Regency, offering more efficient travel times and improved regional connectivity. During its operation, toll road users are required to pay a tariff for the services provided. According to Government Regulation No. 23 of 2024 concerning Toll Roads, the initial toll tariff is determined when the toll road begins operation, while adjustments are conducted every two years by the operator upon approval from the Minister. This study analyzes the tariff for the Yogyakarta–Bawen Toll Road under full operational conditions by incorporating inflation up to the operation year.

This study involved 140 prospective users of the Yogyakarta–Bawen Toll Road as respondents. Primary data were gathered through online Google Form questionnaires to identify respondent characteristics and obtain information regarding income, transport expenses, toll costs, trip frequency, Ability to Pay (ATP), and Willingness to Pay (WTP). In addition to primary data, this study used secondary data consisting of road road geometry, traffic volume, vehicle component prices, Constant Price GRDP, and target inflation rates. Data were analyzed using three approaches: Vehicle Operating Cost (VOC) via the Pacific Consultant International (PCI) method, Ability to Pay (ATP), and Willingness to Pay (WTP). Value projections to the operation year were calculated considering inflation targets referencing Ministry of Finance Regulation No. 31 of 2024.

Results reveal the characteristics of prospective users and the appropriate tariff based on the applied methods. Survey findings indicate male dominance at 51.43%. Most respondents (95.00%) ranged between 20–60 years old, with the largest age group being 51–60 years old (33.57%) and an average age of 41.7 years. Occupations were dominated by entrepreneurs/traders and private employees (55.72% combined), led by entrepreneurs/traders at 29.29%. The largest monthly income group ranged from IDR 2,000,000–IDR 4,000,000 (29.29%), while 50.00?rned between IDR 2,000,000–IDR 6,000,000 and 41.43?rned above IDR 6,000,000 monthly. The maximum toll tariff based on VOC approach using the PCI method with inflation projected to 2029 is IDR 189,905.51 (IDR 2,492.20/km). The average tariff based on the ATP analysis is IDR 167,719.30 (IDR 2,201.04/km), while the average tariff based on the WTP is IDR 152,214.29 (IDR 1,997.56/km). An ideal tariff of IDR 162,555.86 (IDR 2,133.28/km) was derived from the intersection of ATP and WTP analyses at an accumulated respondent percentage of 31.01%.

Kata Kunci : Jalan Tol, Tarif, Biaya Operasi Kendaraan (BOK), Ability to Pay, Willingness to Pay