Karakteristik Habitat Kukang Jawa (Nycticebus javanicus) di Curug Onje, Desa Kemuning, Kabupaten Temanggung

Yodha Mahendra, Dr. drh. Subeno, M.Sc.

2026 | Skripsi | KEHUTANAN

Kukang jawa (Nycticebus javanicus) merupakan primata nokturnal endemik Pulau Jawa berstatus kritis (Critically Endangered) menurut IUCN akibat penurunan kualitas habitat, fragmentasi, perburuan, dan perdagangan. Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Jawa Tengah telah melepasliarkan kukang jawa di Kawasan di Curug Onje, Desa Kemuning, Kabupaten Temanggung, namun kondisi habitatnya belum terdokumentasi secara memadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi karakteristik habitat kukang jawa di Hutan Alam Sekunder Kemuning khususnya di Curug Onje serta mengetahui perbedaan antara habitat yang digunakan (used) dan habitat yang tidak digunakan (unused).

Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui survei lapangan dengan penentuan titik secara purposive sampling. Data biotik berupa kerapatan, frekuensi, dominansi, indeks nilai penting, strata vegetasi, strata tajuk, dan lebar tajuk menggunakan nested sampling yang dibatasi tingkatan pertumbuhan tiang dan pohon, sedangkan persentase tutupan tajuk beserta data abiotik berupa suhu, kelembapan, kelerengan, dan jarak ke sumber air menggunakan protocol sampling. Stratifikasi tajuk divisualisasikan dengan software SExI-FS. Perbedaan habitat used dan unused diuji dengan Uji Shapiro-Wilk dan dibandingkan menggunakan Uji Mann-Whitney.

Hasil penelitian teridentifikasi 16 jenis vegetasi yang didominasi jenis mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni). Rerata tinggi tiang dan pohon masing-masing 2,3 m dan 22 m, diameter 7,05 cm dan 38,56 cm, serta kerapatan 708,3 ind/ha dan 139,5 ind/ha. Tutupan tajuk rata-rata 50,83%, suhu 29,52°C, kelembapan 73,38%, kelerengan 30,04%, dan jarak ke sumber air 150,18 m. Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara habitat used dan unused, meskipun lebar tajuk dan tutupan tajuk pohon mendekati signifikan. Ditemukan delapan jenis pohon pakan yang menunjukkan Curug Onje memiliki karakteristik habitat dan ketersediaan pakan yang mendukung kukang jawa.

The Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus) is a nocturnal primate endemic to Java Island and classified as Critically Endangered by the IUCN due to habitat degradation, fragmentation, hunting, and illegal trade. The Central Java Natural Resources Conservation Agency has released Javan slow lorises in the Curug Onje area, Kemuning Village, Temanggung Regency; however, the habitat conditions at the site have not been adequately documented. This study aimed to identify the habitat characteristics of the Javan slow loris in Kemuning Secondary Natural Forest, particularly in Curug Onje, and to determine differences between used and unused habitats.

Data were collected through field surveys using purposive sampling. Biotic variables, including density, frequency, dominance, importance value index, canopy strata, and crown width, were measured using nested sampling at the pole and tree growth stages. Canopy cover and abiotic variables, including temperature, humidity, slope, and distance to water sources, were measured using protocol sampling. Canopy stratification was visualized using SExI-FS software. Differences between used and Unused habitats were assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality and compared using the Mann-Whitney test.

The results identified 16 vegetation species, dominated by mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni). The mean heights of poles and trees were 2.3 m and 22 m, with mean diameters of 7.05 cm and 38.56 cm and densities of 708.3 and 139.5 individuals/ha, respectively. Mean canopy cover was 50.83%, with a temperature of 29.52°C, humidity of 73.38%, slope of 30.04%, and distance to water sources of 150.18 m. No significant differences were found between used and unused habitats, although crown width and tree canopy cover approached significance. Eight food tree species were identified, indicating that Curug Onje provides habitat characteristics and food unused that support the Javan slow loris.

Kata Kunci : Kukang jawa, habitat, Desa Kemuning, Curug Onje, used dan unused