Studi Komparasi Pengaruh Konverter Katalitik, MetodeExcess AirdanAir Stagingterhadap Karakteristik Pembakaran Ampas Tebu dan Tempurung Kelapa dalamFixed Grate Furnace

Muhammad Hasyaimi Ramadhan, Prof. Dr. Ir. Harwin Saptoadi, M.SE., IPM., ASEAN Eng.

2026 | Skripsi | TEKNIK MESIN

Pemanfaatan biomassa sebagai bahan bakar terkendala emisi partikulat dan pembakaran yang tidak sempurna. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh metode air staging dan rasio udara berlebih excess air terhadap kinerja pembakaran serta emisi PM10 pada dua jenis biomassa, yaitu tempurung kelapa dan ampas tebu. Pengujian dilakukan pada tungku fixed grate dengan variasi rasio udara primer sekunder 70:30 hingga 30:70 dan variasi EA 50%, 75%, dan 100%. Parameter yang diukur meliputi temperatur ruang bakar, konsentrasi CO? gas buang, serta konsentrasi PM10 pada cerobong sebelum dan sesudah catalytic converter. Data sensor PM10 dikoreksi terhadap efek dilusi sebelum dinyatakan dalam bentuk Emission Factor (EF) PM10. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rasio udara primer–sekunder 40:60 memberikan temperatur ruang bakar dan konsentrasi CO? tertinggi pada kedua bahan bakar. Titik optimum EA berbeda menurut jenis bahan bakar, yaitu EA 50% untuk tempurung kelapa dan EA 100% untuk ampas tebu, dan konsisten baik sebelum maupun sesudah catalytic converter. Penggunaan catalytic converter menurunkan EF PM10 sebesar 13–33% pada tempurung kelapa dan 98–99% pada ampas tebu.

The utilization of biomass as fuel is constrained by particulate emissions and incomplete combustion. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the air staging method and the excess air (EA) ratio on combustion performance and PM10 emissions of two types of biomass, namely coconut shell and sugarcane bagasse. The tests were carried out in a fixed grate furnace with primary–secondary air ratios varied from 70:30 to 30:70 and EA levels of 50%, 75%, and 100%. The measured parameters included combustion chamber temperature, CO? concentration in the flue gas, and PM10 concentration in the stack before and after the catalytic converter. The PM10 sensor data were corrected for dilution effects before being expressed as the PM10 Emission Factor (EF). The results show that the primary–secondary air ratio of 40:60 produced the highest combustion chamber temperature and CO? concentration for both fuels. The optimum EA point differed according to the fuel type, namely EA 50% for coconut shell and EA 100% for sugarcane bagasse, and remained consistent both before and after the catalytic converter. The use of the catalytic converter reduced the PM10 Emission Factor by 13–33% for coconut shell and by 98–99% for sugarcane bagasse.

Kata Kunci : excess air, air staging, biomassa, tempurung kelapa, ampas tebu, PM10, catalytic converter, Emission Factor