Pola Vokalisasi dan Waktu Aktif Rangkong (Bucerotidae) di Lanskap Kapuas Hulu, Kalimantan Barat

Galih Aldi Alamsyah, Dr. rer. silv. Muhammad Ali Imron, S.Hut., M.Sc.

2026 | Skripsi | KEHUTANAN

Rangkong berperan penting dalam regenerasi hutan tropis sebagai penyebar benih. Rangkong juga memiliki perilaku vokalisasi yang mencolok sebagai sarana komunikasi. Ancaman terhadap populasi dan habitatnya menjadikan pemahaman pola perilaku rangkong penting bagi upaya konservasi. Pola vokalisasi dan waktu aktif dapat memberikan gambaran mengenai pemisahan relung akustik dan temporal antarspesies rangkong.

Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Maret 2026 di Dusun Sadap, Kelayam, dan Ngaung Keruh, Koridor Labian-Leboyan, Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu, Kalimantan Barat. Data soundscape dikumpulkan menggunakan metode Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) dengan perekam SwiftOne pada 18 titik yang ditentukan melalui stratified purposive sampling. Data vegetasi diperoleh menggunakan nested plot berukuran 10 m × 10 m untuk tingkat tiang dan 20 m × 20 m untuk pohon. Rekaman dianalisis menggunakan Raven Pro 1.6. Perbedaan vokalisasi diuji dengan Kruskal-Wallis dan post hoc Dunn-Holm; faktor habitat dengan regresi; serta waktu aktif menggunakan KDE, analisis tumpang tindih temporal, dan regresi logistik binomial.

Pola vokalisasi antarspesies rangkong menunjukkan perbedaan di parameter durasi, frekuensi terendah, frekuensi tertinggi, bandwidth, dan frekuensi dominan, sedangkan waktu aktifnya tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang mencolok. Faktor yang paling memengaruhi kehadiran suara rangkong adalah tutupan tajuk dan tinggi pohon secara positif serta jumlah pohon secara negatif. Suara rangkong paling berkoeksistensi dengan biofoni burung lain dan berasosiasi negatif dengan antropofoni.

Hornbills play an important role in tropical forest regeneration as seed dispersers. They also exhibit conspicuous vocalization behavior as a means of communication. The threats to their populations and habitats highlight the importance of understanding hornbill behavioral patterns for conservation efforts. Vocalization patterns and activity times can provide insights into acoustic and temporal niche partitioning among hornbill species.

The study was conducted in March 2026 in Sadap, Kelayam, and Ngaung Keruh, within the Labian-Leboyan Corridor, Kapuas Hulu Regency, West Kalimantan. Soundscape data were collected using the Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) method with SwiftOne recorders at 18 sampling points determined through stratified purposive sampling. Vegetation data were collected using nested plots measuring 10 m × 10 m for poles and 20 m × 20 m for trees. Recordings were analyzed using Raven Pro 1.6. Differences in vocalization characteristics were tested using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post hoc test with Holm correction; habitat factors were analyzed using regression; and activity patterns were assessed using kernel density estimation (KDE), temporal overlap analysis, and binomial logistic regression.

Vocalization patterns differed among hornbill species in terms of duration, minimum frequency, maximum frequency, bandwidth, and peak frequency, whereas their activity periods showed no marked differences. Hornbill vocal presence was positively associated with canopy cover and tree height but negatively associated with tree abundance. Hornbill vocalizations co-occurred most frequently with bird biophony and showed a negative association with anthropophony. 

Kata Kunci : rangkong, vokalisasi, waktu aktif, soundscape, habitat