Kelayakan dan Nilai Tambah Usaha Tani Kopi Robusta Berbasis Agroforestri di Perhutani BKPH Candiroto KPH Kedu Utara

Nahwa Nurul Izzati, Hani Perwitasari; Anung Pranyoto

2026 | Skripsi | SOS.EK. PERTANIAN (AGROBISNIS)

Kopi robusta dibudidayakan di lahan Perhutani melalui skema Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat (PHBM) di bawah tegakan pinus dan mahoni yang menyebabkan jumlah pohon kopi terbatas dan memberikan naungan yang mencapai 70%. Petani juga menanggung beban sakap dan pupuk komersial serta mengolah hasil panen hanya sampai tahap green bean sebelum dijual kepada pengepul. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kelayakan finansial usaha tani agroforestri kopi robusta dan nilai tambah dari pengolahan pascapanennya pada tiga skala usaha di lahan PHBM Perhutani BKPH Candiroto, tepatnya di Kecamatan Jumo, Kabupaten Temanggung. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis dengan 40 responden petani dari Desa Giyono dan Desa Kertosari, dikelompokkan ke dalam tiga skala usaha (kecil, sedang, besar) berdasarkan luas lahan. Data dianalisis menggunakan R/C ratio, B/C ratio, dan metode Hayami. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan R/C ratio total berkisar 1,21–1,37 dan B/C ratio total 0,21–0,37, seluruhnya berada di atas standar kelayakan, sehingga usaha tani dinyatakan layak pada seluruh skala usaha. Nilai tambah pengolahan kopi ceri menjadi kopi green bean berkisar Rp1.706,88–Rp2.300,71/kg dengan rasio nilai tambah 10,76–13,94% yang tergolong rendah. Petani skala kecil menanggung proporsi biaya tenaga kerja tertinggi relatif terhadap nilai tambah yang diperoleh dibandingkan skala sedang dan besar. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan peningkatan kualitas pengelolaan lahan serta peninjauan kembali skema bagi hasil oleh Perhutani/LMDH untuk meningkatkan pendapatan yang diterima petani.

Robusta coffee is cultivated on Perhutani land under the Joint Forest Management with Communities (PHBM) scheme beneath pine and mahogany stands, which limit the number of coffee trees and cast shade reaching 70%. Farmers also bear crop-sharing (sakap) and commercial fertilizer costs and process their harvest only up to the green bean stage before selling to collectors. This study aims to analyze the financial feasibility of robusta coffee agroforestry farming and the value added from its post-harvest processing at three farm scales on PHBM land under Perhutani BKPH Candiroto, specifically in Jumo District, Temanggung Regency. A descriptive-analytical method was employed, involving 40 farmer respondents purposively selected from Giyono and Kertosari Villages and grouped into three farm-size categories (small, medium, and large) based on land area. Data were analyzed using the R/C ratio, B/C ratio, and the Hayami method. The results show that the total R/C ratio ranged from 1.21 to 1.37 and the total B/C ratio from 0.21 to 0.37, all above the feasibility standards, indicating that the farming is feasible across all farm-size categories. The value added from processing cherry coffee into green/hulled beans ranged from IDR 1,706.88 to IDR 2,300.71/kg, with a value-added ratio of 10.76-13.94%, categorized as low. Small-scale farmers bore the highest labor-cost share relative to the value added obtained, compared to medium- and large-scale farmers. This study recommends improving land management practices and a review of the profit-sharing scheme by Perhutani/LMDH to increase the income received by farmers.

Kata Kunci : agroforestri; kelayakan usaha tani; PHBM; kopi robusta; nilai tambah