Triangulasi Permudaan Alam Cendana (Santalum album L.) Pada Berbagai Topografi Di Kampung Pitu, Ras Lahan Nglanggeran, Kabupaten Gunungkidul

Erika Putri, Dr. Ir. Daryono Prehaten, S.Hut., M.Sc., IPM.; Dr. Ir. Yeni Widyana N. R., S.Hut., M.Sc.

2026 | Skripsi | KEHUTANAN

Cendana (Santalum album L.) adalah spesies penghasil kayu mewah bernilai ekonomi tinggi dengan status konservasi rentan menurut IUCN. Kemampuan reproduksi cendana yang sangat rendah disebabkan keragaman genetik induk menurun sehingga memicu inbreeding depression. Permudaan alam menjadi salah satu solusi untuk mencukupi kebutuhan materi genetik dalam kegiatan rehabilitasi. Permudaan alam dipengaruhi oleh seed supply, seed bed, dan iklim mikro. Kampung Pitu berada di Kawasan Gunung Api Purba Nglanggeran yang termasuk ke dalam situs geopark Gunung Sewu dan berperan sebagai penjaga plasma nuftah. Tingkat viabilitas benih cendana di Kampung Pitu tergolong tinggi (>70%). Namun, kondisi tapak yang tersusun material vulkanik tua dengan solum tipis, keterbatasan individu berbunga, dan pengaruh iklim mikro berbeda menyebabkan permudaan alam cendana sulit dijumpai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh seed supply, seed bed, dan iklim mikro terhadap permudaan alam cendana di Ras Lahan Kampung Pitu, Nglanggeran.

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kampung Pitu yang dibagi menjadi 3 areal berdasarkan topografi yaitu lembah, lereng, puncak. Penentuan petak ukur dilakukan menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan memilih pohon induk pusat berdasarkan kondisi berbuah. Pada masing-masing areal penelitian dibuat petak ukur utama berukuran 10 m x 10 m. Di dalam petak ukur tersebut dilakukan pengamatan parameter jumlah semai permudaan alam cendana, persentase tutupan tumbuhan bawah, persentase tutupan serasah, dan pengukuran parameter dimensi pohon induk (tinggi dan diameter).  Kemudian, pada petak ukur 10 m x 10 m dibuat sub petak ukur berukuran 1 m x 1 m untuk pengamatan ketebalan serasah dan soil seed bank. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan dua pendekatan yaitu  deskriptif dan kuantitatif. Analisis kuantitatif yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berupa uji korelasi pearson dan uji regresi linier berganda.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah semai paling tinggi ditemukan di areal lereng sebanyak 11 semai dan memiliki pola persebaran mengelompok. Parameter yang memiliki hubungan paling kuat terhadap keberadaan semai cendana adalah parameter seed bed. Parameter persentase tutupan serasah dan ketebalan serasah memiliki hubungan lebih kuat dibandingkan parameter seed bed lainnya, dengan nilai signifikansi masing-masing sebesar 0,045 dan 0,055 serta pengaruhnya sebesar 46,03?n 42,97%.

Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) is a species that produces high-value, luxury timber and is classified as “Vulnerable” by the IUCN. Sandalwood’s extremely low reproductive capacity is caused by declining genetic diversity in parent plants, which leads to inbreeding depression. Natural regeneration is one solution for meeting the need for genetic material in rehabilitation efforts. Natural regeneration is influenced by seed supply, seedbeds, and microclimate. Kampung Pitu is located in the Nglanggeran Ancient Volcano Area, which is part of the Gunung Sewu Geopark and serves as a gene bank. The seed viability rate of sandalwood in Kampung Pitu is relatively high (>70%). However, site conditions consisting of old volcanic material with a thin soil profile, a limited number of flowering individuals, and varying microclimatic influences make natural sandalwood regeneration difficult to observe. This study aims to determine the effects of seed supply, seedbed conditions, and microclimate on natural sandalwood regeneration in the Kampung Pitu Ras Lahan area, Nglanggeran.

This study was conducted in Kampung Pitu, which was divided into three areas based on topography: the valley, the slope, and the summit. Survey plots were determined using the purposive sampling method by selecting central parent trees based on their fruiting conditions. In each study area, a main plot measuring 10 m × 10 m was established. Within these plots, observations were made of the number of natural sandalwood seedlings, the percentage of understory cover, the percentage of litter cover, and measurements of parent tree dimensions (height and diameter).  Subsequently, within the 10 m × 10 m study plots, 1 m × 1 m subplots were established to assess litter depth and the soil seed bank. Data analysis was conducted using two approaches: descriptive and quantitative. The quantitative analyses employed in this study included Pearson’s correlation test and multiple linear regression analysis.

The results of the research showed that the highest number of seedlings 11, were found in the hilly area, where they exhibited a clustered distribution pattern. The parameter most strongly associated with the presence of sandalwood seedlings is the seedbed parameter. The parameters of litter cover percentage and litter depth show a stronger association than other seedbed parameters, with significance values of 0,045 and 0,055, respectively, and explanatory power of 46,03% and 42,97%.

Kata Kunci : cendana, permudaan alam, seed bed, seed supply, iklim mikro