Karakteristik Fisik dan Kimia serta Respons Konsumsi Tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) Fase Maintenance terhadap Pelet Berbasis Sodium Caseinate dengan Level Protein Berbeda

Aurelia Nadiyah Prayudanti, Ir. Cuk Tri Noviandi, S. Pt., M. Anim. St., Ph.D., IPU., ASEAN Eng.

2026 | Skripsi | ILMU DAN INDUSTRI PETERNAKAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menentukan level protein dengan penambahan sodium caseinate pada pakan tikus Wistar fase maintenance berdasarkan kualitas fisik, kimia, dan respons konsumsi. Formulasi pelet disusun menggunakan metode Least Cost Ration (LCR) calculator sesuai dengan kebutuhan nutrisi tikus Wistar betina. Level protein yang digunakan yaitu 9, 11, dan 12?ngan sumber protein berupa bungkil kopra, tepung ikan, meat and bone meal, dan sodium caseinate. Pelet dicetak dengan ukuran diameter sebesar 1,5 cm, kemudian dikeringkan menggunakan sinar matahari langsung. Pengujian kualitas kimia, fisik, dan pengujian in vivo dilakukan, selanjutnya data dianalisis secara statistik dengan ANOVA, dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey HSD untuk uji in vivo dan kualitas fisik selain daya tahan air serta secara deskriptif untuk hasil uji kimia, daya tahan air, penampakan fisik, dan persentase kenaikan bobot badan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas fisik dan kimia pelet tikus berbasis sodium caseinate dipengaruhi oleh bahan baku yang digunakan. Perbedaan proporsi penggunaan  sumber protein hewani berupa tepung ikan dan meat bone meal pada tiap perlakuan berpengaruh terhadap hasil kandungan protein kasar pada pelet. Kualitas fisik pelet tikus terutama dipengaruhi oleh pemilihan bahan pengikat atau binder. Hasil pengujian in vivo selama 28 hari menunjukkan bahwa kelompok tikus yang diberi pelet berbasis sodium caseinate mengalami pertambahan bobot badan yang relatif rendah dibandingkan dengan kelompok tikus yang diberi pelet komersial. Belum dapat ditetapkan formula yang paling optimal untuk pakan tikus Wistar fase maintenance. Pelet dengan kadar protein 9% menghasilkan kenaikan bobot badan yang relatif stabil dibandingkan dengan pelet lainnya, tetapi memiliki kualitas fisik yang lebih rendah dengan kandungan serat kasar yang tinggi, sehingga melebihi kebutuhan serat kasar tikus fase maintenance.

This study aimed to determine the protein levels achieved by adding sodium caseinate to the diet of Wistar rats in the maintenance phase, based on physical and chemical quality and consumption responses. The pellet formulations were developed using the Least Cost Ration (LCR) calculator in accordance with the nutritional requirements of female Wistar rats in the maintenance phase. The protein levels used were 9%, 11%, and 12%, with protein sources consisting of copra meal, fish meal, meat and bone meal, and sodium caseinate. The pellets were molded to a diameter of 1.5 cm and then dried in direct sunlight. Chemical and physical quality tests, as well as in vivo tests, were conducted. The data were then statistically analyzed using ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s HSD test for the in vivo tests and physical quality (excluding water resistance), and descriptive analysis was performed for the results of the chemical tests, water resistance, physical appearance, and percentage of body weight gain.  The test results showed that the physical and chemical quality of the sodium caseinate-based rat pellets was influenced by the raw materials used. Differences in the proportions of animal protein sources, specifically fish meal and meat and bone meal used in each treatment affected the crude protein content of the pellets. The physical quality of rat pellets is primarily influenced by the choice of binder. The results of a 28-day in vivo study showed that the group of rats fed sodium caseinate-based pellets experienced relatively low weight gain compared to the group of rats fed commercial pellets. The optimal diet formulation for Wistar rats in the maintenance phase has not yet been determined. Pellets with a 9% protein content resulted in relatively stable weight gain compared to other pellets, but they had inferior physical quality due to their high crude fiber content, which exceeded the crude fiber requirements of rats in the maintenance phase.

Kata Kunci : Kualitas Fisik dan Kimia Pelet, Pelet Tikus, Protein, Sodium Caseinate, Tikus Wistar Fase Maintenance, Physical and Chemical Quality of Pellets, Rat Food Pellets, Protein, Sodium Caseinate, Wistar Rats in The Maintenance Phase.