Kajian Komparatif Kapasitas Dukung Aksial Tiang Tunggal Fondasi Bored Pile Menggunakan Metode Empiris, Metode Elemen Hingga, dan Uji Pembebanan Dinamis (PDA Test)

Khusnun Imam Maulana, Ir. Rozaqqa Noviandi, S.T., M.Agr., Ph.D., IPM.

2026 | Skripsi | TEKNIK SIPIL

Proyek Pembangunan Jalan Tol Solo – Yogyakarta – NYIA Kulon Progo Seksi 2 Paket 2.2B merupakan Proyek Strategis Nasional yang penting dalam meningkatkan konektivitas wilayah selatan Pulau Jawa. Pada struktur elevated, pilar didukung oleh fondasi bored pile berdiameter 1,2 m. Perbedaan pendekatan dan parameter yang digunakan dalam perhitungan kapasitas dukung dapat menghasilkan estimasi yang berbeda, sehingga diperlukan evaluasi terhadap hasil pengujian di lapangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kapasitas dukung aksial dan mekanisme transfer beban fondasi bored pile tiang tunggal pada sepuluh pilar, yaitu P44–P53.

Analisis dilakukan menggunakan tiga metode empiris berdasarkan data Standard Penetration Test (SPT), yaitu metode Meyerhof (1976), Decourt (1978), dan Reese & O’Neill (1989), serta pemodelan elemen hingga PLAXIS 2D. Hasil perhitungan kapasitas dukung dan mekanisme transfer beban dari masing-masing metode dibandingkan dengan hasil pengujian Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) yang dianalisis menggunakan CAPWAP.

Dari hasil kapasitas dukung ultimit, metode Reese & O'Neill (1989) memiliki jumlah tiang terbanyak yang paling mendekati pengujian PDA, yaitu 6 lokasi pilar (P44, P45, P47, P50, P52, dan P53) dengan rentang selisih 2,49% hingga 12,90%. Metode Meyerhof (1976) paling mendekati uji PDA pada 4 lokasi pilar sisanya dengan rentang selisih 0,12% hingga 13,63%. Sementara itu, metode Decourt (1978) dan PLAXIS 2D menghasilkan rentang selisih yang lebih besar, yaitu masing-masing 13,22%–30,06?n 4,87%–41,93%. Berdasarkan mekanisme transfer beban, hasil pengujian PDA menunjukkan dominasi pada tahanan selimut dengan rasio rata-rata sebesar 87,04%. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan pola yang mendekati hasil metode Reese & O’Neill (1989), yang menghasilkan rasio tahanan selimut rata-rata sebesar 78,95%. Sementara itu, metode Meyerhof (1976) menunjukkan hasil tahanan ujung yang lebih dominan dengan rasio rata-rata sebesar 74,40%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, metode Reese & O'Neill (1989) merupakan metode paling representatif pada objek penelitian ini, sehingga dapat dijadikan acuan dalam perencanaan fondasi bored pile pada kondisi tanah serupa.

The Solo – Yogyakarta – NYIA Kulon Progo Toll Road Construction Project Section 2 Package 2.2B is an important National Strategic Project in improving connectivity in the southern region of Java Island. In the elevated structure, the pillars are supported by a bored pile foundation with a diameter of 1.2 m. Different approaches and parameters used in the calculation of bearing capacity can produce different estimates, so an evaluation of the results of field tests is required. This study aims to compare the axial bearing capacity and load transfer mechanism of single-pole bored pile foundations on ten pillars, namely P44–P53.

 The analysis was carried out using three empirical methods based on Standard Penetration Test (SPT) data, namely the Meyerhof (1976), Decourt (1978), and Reese & O'Neill (1989) methods, as well as element modeling up to PLAXIS 2D. The results of the calculation of the bearing capacity and load transfer mechanism of each method were compared with the results of the Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) test which was analyzed using CAPWAP.

From the results of the ultimate support capacity, the Reese & O'Neill method (1989) has the highest number of poles that are closest to PDA testing, namely 6 pillar locations (P44, P45, P47, P50, P52, and P53) with a difference range of 2.49% to 12.90%. The Meyerhof method (1976) is the closest to the PDA test at the remaining 4 pillar locations with a difference range of 0.12% to 13.63%. Meanwhile, the Decourt (1978) and PLAXIS 2D methods produce a larger difference range, namely 13.22%–30.06% and 4.87%–41.93%, respectively. Based on the load transfer mechanism, the PDA test results show dominance in blanket resistance with an average ratio of 87.04%. These conditions show a pattern that is close to the results of the Reese & O'Neill (1989) method, which results in an average blanket resistance ratio of 78.95%. Meanwhile, the Meyerhof method (1976) shows a more dominant tip resistance result with an average ratio of 74.40%. Based on these results, the Reese & O'Neill (1989) method is the most representative method in this research object, so it can be used as a reference in planning bored pile foundations in similar soil conditions.

Kata Kunci : bored pile, kapasitas dukung aksial, Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA), PLAXIS 2D, transfer beban /