Kontinuitas Biopolitik Pembangunan Global: Analisis Materialisme Relasional Thomas Lemke atas Perluasan MDGs ke SDGs

Dias Nashrul Fatha, Dr. Hastanti Widy Nugroho, S.S., M.Hum., Dela Khoirul Ainia, S.Fil., M.Phil.

2026 | Skripsi | ILMU FILSAFAT

Penelitian ini menganalisis kontinuitas dan rekonfigurasi tata kelola (governmentality) dalam pergeseran dari Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) menuju Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Tesis utama penelitian berargumen bahwa transisi dari MDGs ke SDGs tidak menandai pemutusan paradigma yang radikal, melainkan bentuk perluasan biopolitik melalui penambahan lapisan ekologis (environmental layer) ke atas instrumen tata kelola sosial. Peneliti membongkar kerangka SDGs yang mengooptasi wacana keberlanjutan lingkungan ke dalam rasionalitas akumulasi modal neoliberal melalui teknologi pemantauan dan audit kuantitatif.

Metode penelitian menggunakan studi kepustakaan dengan mengoperasikan kacamata analitis Thomas Lemke, khususnya konsep “Materialisme Relasional” dan “Tata Kelola atas Benda-Benda” (The Government of Things). Pemikiran Lemke digunakan untuk menjelaskan pengintegrasian variabel material dan lingkungan vital ke dalam sirkuit kekuasaan global. Lensa teoritis materialisme relasional memdedah operasionalisasi instrumen kuantitatif yang mengarahkan relasi antara populasi manusia dan ekosistem planet.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiga temuan utama terkait pergeseran epistemologis, ontologis, dan tata kelola material. Pertama, epistemologi MDGs yang berpusat pada statistik sosial diperluas oleh SDGs melalui sistem akuntansi modal alam (natural capital accounting) yang memperluas aparatus pemantauan teknologi keamanan (technology of security) tanpa mengubah logika dasar kekuasaan. Kedua, rekonfigurasi ontologis SDGs mengakui keterjeratan material (material entanglement), tetapi kerangka antroposentrisme tetap dominan karena target keberhasilan utama tetap dihitung melalui Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB), pengetasan kemiskinan, kesehatan, dan pendidikan. Ketiga, SDGs beroperasi sebagai dispositif keamanan planet yang mengaktifkan tata kelola material (government of things) melalui manipulasi milieu, skema biopolitik resiliensi, serta instrumen pembiayaan hijau yang mereduksi daya hidup materi menjadi unit-unit nilai pasar global.

This study analyzes the continuity and reconfiguration of governance (governmentality) in the shift from the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The primary thesis argues that the transition from the MDGs to the SDGs does not mark a radical paradigm shift, but rather an expansion of biopolitics through the addition of an environmental layer onto existing social governance instruments. The researcher critiques the framework of the SDGs for co-opting the discourse of environmental sustainability into the rationality of neoliberal capital accumulation through quantitative auditing and monitoring technologies.

The research methodology employs a literature study operating through the analytical lens of Thomas Lemke, specifically the concepts of "Relational Materialism" and "The Government of Things". Lemke's theoretical framework serves to explain the integration of material variables and vital environments into the circuits of global power. Relational materialism deconstructs the operationalization of quantitative instruments that direct the relationship between human populations and planetary ecosystems.

The findings reveal three main conclusions regarding epistemological, ontological, and material governance shifts. First, the epistemology of the MDGs centered on social statistics expands under the SDGs through natural capital accounting systems, broadening the monitoring apparatus of the technology of security without changing the foundational logic of power. Second, the ontological reconfiguration of the SDGs acknowledges material entanglement, yet the core anthropocentric framework remains dominant because primary targets continue to be measured through Gross Domestic Product (GDP), poverty reduction, health, and education. Third, the SDGs operate as a planetary security dispositif activating the government of things through milieu manipulation, resilience biopolitics, and green financing instruments that reduce material vitality into tradable market units.

Kata Kunci : biopolitik, lingkungan, materialisme, MDGs, SDGs