Seleksi Sepuluh Hibrida Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Berdasarkan Intensitas Gejala Serangan Penyakit dan Bobot Buah per Tanaman

Yuli Dwi Nur Cahyani, Prof. Dr. Rudi Hari Murti, S.P., M.P.; Widhi Dyah Sawitri, S.Si., M.Agr., Ph.D.

2026 | Skripsi | AGRONOMI

Begomovirus merupakan penyebab penyakit kuning dan keriting daun, salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman tomat yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan pertumbuhan hingga produktivitas. Penggunaan varietas hibrida yang tahan virus dan berdaya hasil tinggi menjadi salah satu upaya agar tanaman tetap sehat dan berproduksi tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh hibrida tomat dengan intensitas gejala begomovirus rendah dan bobot buah per tanaman tinggi. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Batur, Kecamatan Getasan, Kabupaten Semarang, Jawa Tengah dan Laboratorium Manajemen dan Produksi Tanaman, Sub Laboratorium Ilmu Tanaman dan Ekologi Tanaman Departemen Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta selama empat bulan yaitu Juli hingga November 2025. Variabel yang diamati antara lain lebar bukaan stomata, kerapatan stomata, kerapatan trikoma, intensitas gejala serangan begomovirus, intensitas gejala serangan alternaria, intensitas gejala serangan fusarium, tinggi tanaman, berat kering vegetatif, dan bobot buah per tanaman. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap dengan tiga blok sebagai ulangan. Perlakuan berupa genotipe yang terdiri atas sepuluh hibrida, delapan galur tetua, dan satu varietas pembanding. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis varian (ANOVA), uji lanjut DMRT dan LSD Dunnett pada taraf ? = 5%, analisis regresi berganda, heatmap korelasi, dan analisis komponen utama atau Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa H2 (1-E-5 x 2-M-5), H3 (1-E-5 x 1-N-3), H5 (1-E-5 x 1-B-1.4.5), dan H10 (1-B-1.4.5 x 1-E-5) merupakan hibrida terpilih berdasarkan intensitas gejala serangan begomovirus yang relatif serta bobot buah per tanaman yang tinggi dan setara terhadap Servo, sehingga berpotensi dikembangkan menjadi varietas tomat tahan penyakit dan berdaya hasil tinggi.

Begomoviruses are the causal agents of tomato yellow leaf curl disease, one of the most important diseases affecting tomato that can reduce plant growth and productivity. The use of hybrid varieties that combine virus resistance with high yield is one of the most effective approaches to maintaining plant health and maximizing productivity. This study aimed to identify tomato hybrids with low begomovirus symptom severity and high fruit weight per plant. The research was conducted in Batur Village, Getasan District, Semarang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, and at the Laboratory of Plant Management and Production, Plant Science and Plant Ecology Sub-Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Special Region of Yogyakarta, over a four-month period from July to November 2025. The observed variables included stomatal aperture width, stomatal density, trichome density, begomovirus symptom severity, alternaria disease severity, fusarium disease severity, plant height, vegetative dry weight, and fruit weight per plant. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three blocks as replicates. The treatments consisted of ten hybrid genotypes, eight parental inbred lines, and one commercial check variety. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT), Dunnett's Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at the 5% significance level (? = 0.05), multiple regression analysis, correlation heatmap analysis, and Principal Component Analysis(PCA). The results showed that H2 (1-E-5 x 2-M-5), H3 (1-E-5 x 1-N-3), H5 (1-E-5 x 1-B-1.4.5), and H10 (1-B-1.4.5 x 1-E-5) were the selected hybrids based on their relatively low begomovirus disease symptom intensity and high fruit weight per plant, comparable to that Servo, indicating their potential for further development as disease-resistant and high-yielding tomato varieties.

Kata Kunci : begomovirus, bobot buah per tanaman, hibrida, seleksi, tomat.