Keragaman Gulma pada Berbagai Arah Hadap Lereng di Perkebunan Teh Nglinggo, Kulon Progo, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Maftuchah Aleyda Yahya, Dr. Dyah Weny Respatie, S.P., M.Si., ; Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Junun Sartohadi, M.Sc.

2026 | Skripsi | AGRONOMI

Perbedaan arah hadap lereng pada perkebunan teh dapat menyebabkan variasi kondisi mikroklimat dan karakteristik tanah yang memengaruhi komposisi komunitas gulma. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan komposisi jenis gulma pada berbagai arah hadap lereng serta menyusun rekomendasi pengendalian gulma spesifik lokasi di Perkebunan Teh Nglinggo, Kulon Progo, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode survei observasional komparatif pada lereng barat (A1) dan lereng timur (A2). Setiap arah hadap lereng dibagi menjadi posisi lereng atas, tengah, dan bawah dengan tiga ulangan sehingga diperoleh 18 petak pengamatan. Analisis vegetasi gulma dilakukan menggunakan parameter kerapatan nisbi, frekuensi nisbi, dominansi nisbi, dan Summed Dominance Ratio (SDR). Struktur komunitas gulma dianalisis menggunakan indeks Shannon-Wiener (H’), Evenness (E), Simpson (D), koefisien komunitas, dan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lereng barat (A1) didominasi oleh gulma berdaun lebar terutama Ageratum conyzoides L., sedangkan lereng timur (A2) didominasi oleh gulma rumputan (Poaceae), khususnya Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Hasil PCA menunjukkan adanya perbedaan asosiasi spesies gulma pada kedua arah hadap lereng. Rekomendasi pengendalian gulma pada A1 diarahkan pada penggunaan herbisida selektif gulma dikotil, sedangkan pada A2 diarahkan pada penggunaan herbisida selektif gulma rumputan. Strategi pengendalian gulma spesifik lokasi tersebut diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efektivitas pengendalian gulma sekaligus mendukung keberlanjutan lingkungan pada ekosistem perkebunan teh.

Differences in slope aspect on tea plantations may cause variations in microclimate and soil characteristics that influence weed community composition. This study aimed to determine differences in weed species composition on different slope aspects and to formulate site-specific weed management recommendations at Nglinggo Tea Plantation, Kulon Progo, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The research was conducted using a comparative observational survey method on west-facing slopes (A1) and east-facing slopes (A2). Each slope aspect was divided into upper, middle, and lower slope positions with three replications, resulting in 18 observation plots. Weed vegetation analysis was carried out using relative density, relative frequency, relative dominance, and Summed Dominance Ratio (SDR). Weed community structure was analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’), Evenness (E), Simpson dominance index (D), community coefficient, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that the west-facing slope (A1) was dominated by broadleaf weeds, particularly Ageratum conyzoides L., whereas the east-facing slope (A2) was dominated by grasses (Poaceae), especially Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. PCA analysis indicated differences in weed species associations between the two slope aspects. Weed management recommendations for A1 were directed toward the use of selective herbicides for dicot weeds, while A2 management emphasized selective herbicides for grass weeds. These site-specific weed management strategies are expected to improve weed control effectiveness while supporting environmental sustainability in tea plantation ecosystems.

Kata Kunci : arah hadap lereng, gulma, herbisida, keberlanjutan, perkebunan teh