Aktivitas Sun Protection Factor Ekstrak Daun Dendrocalamus spp. dan Analisis Potensi Regulasi Sebum secara In Vitro dan In Silico

Uun Kurniawati, Dr. Tri Rini Nuringtyas, S.Si., M.Sc.

2026 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan aktivitas Sun Protection Factor (SPF) dari ekstrak daun Dendrocalamus spp. dalam melindungi kulit terhadap paparan sinar ultraviolet (UV), mengetahui kandungan total fenolik, serta menganalisis senyawa dari ekstrak daun Dendrocalamus spp. yang berpotensi mengatur produksi sebum pada kulit. Metode penelitian dilakukan menggunakan tiga spesies bambu, yakni Dendrocalamus asper, Dendrocalamus giganteus, dan Dendrocalamus strictus. Sampel diekstraksi dengan teknik maserasi menggunakan etanol 70% lalu fraksinasi menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, dan etanol 70%. Penentuan nilai SPF secara in vitro menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 290 – 320 nm dengan variasi konsentrasi 500 – 1500 ppm.  Kandungan total fenolik (TPC) ditentukan menggunakan metode Folin-Ciocalteu, sedangkan analisis potensi regulasi sebum dilakukan melalui pendekatan molecular docking dengan menargetkan Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPAR?) menggunakan struktur protein PDB ID 4EMA dengan native ligand BRL-49653 (rosiglitazone) sebagai kontrol positif pada validasi redocking. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ekstrak kasar Dendrocalamus asper pada konsentrasi 1500 ppm memiliki aktivitas SPF tertinggi senilai 26,59 ± 0,04 dan termasuk kategori ultra protection. Analisis TPC tertinggi diperoleh pada fraksi etil asetat Dendrocalamus asper sebesar 47,04 ± 5,42 mg GAE/g fraksi. Analisis LC-HRMS pada kedua sampel terpilih menghasilkan senyawa yang telah memenuhi parameter, yaitu Apigenin, Diosmetin, Kaempferol, 4-Coumaric acid, 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, dan Ethyl p-Coumarate. Hasil molecular docking menunjukkan seluruh senyawa mampu berinteraksi dengan PPAR? dengan Ethyl p-Coumarate sebagai kandidat paling potensial sebagai agen regulasi sebum secara in silico dengan nilai binding affinity sebesar -5,8 kcal/mol. 

This research aimed to evaluate the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) activity of Dendrocalamus spp. leaf extracts in protecting the skin against ultraviolet (UV) radiation, determine their total phenolic content (TPC), and identify bioactive compounds with potential sebum-regulating activity. Three bamboo species, namely Dendrocalamus asper, Dendrocalamus giganteus, and Dendrocalamus strictus, were used in this research. The powdered leaf samples were extracted by maceration using 70% ethanol and subsequently fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol. The in vitro SPF values were determined using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer at wavelengths ranging from 290 to 320 nm with concentrations of 500–1500 ppm. Total phenolic content was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, while the potential for sebum regulation was evaluated through molecular docking targeting the PPAR? using the crystal structure PDB ID: 4EMA. BRL-49653 (rosiglitazone) was employed as the native ligand and positive control during the redocking validation. The results demonstrated that the crude extract of Dendrocalamus asper at a concentration of 1500 ppm exhibited the highest SPF value (26.59 ± 0.04), which was classified as ultraprotection. The highest TPC was obtained from the ethyl acetate fraction of Dendrocalamus asper, with a value of 47.04 ± 5.42 mg GAE/g fraction. LC-HRMS analysis identified compounds that fulfilled the established selection criteria, namely Apigenin, Diosmetin, Kaempferol, 4-Coumaric acid, 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, and Ethyl p-Coumarate. Molecular docking analysis revealed that all selected compounds interacted with the PPAR? receptor, with Ethyl p-Coumarate exhibiting the most favorable interaction profile and being predicted as the promising candidate for sebum regulation with a binding affinity value of ?5.8 kcal/mol.

Kata Kunci : Dendrocalamus spp., molecular docking, regulasi sebum, SPF, TPC