PENGARUH PEMBANGUNAN YOGYAKARTA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT (YIA) TERHADAP SEKTOR PERTANIAN KABUPATEN KULON PROGO

Shidqi Fairuz Ikhsan, Arini Wahyu Utami, S.P., M.Sc., Ph.D. ; Prof. Dr. Jamhari, S,P., M.P. ; Muh Amat Nasir, S.P., M.Sc.

2026 | Skripsi | SOS.EK. PERTANIAN (AGROBISNIS)

Pembangunan Yogyakarta International Airport (YIA) di Kabupaten Kulon Progo mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi wilayah, namun juga memicu alih fungsi lahan pertanian yang berpotensi mengubah struktur ekonomi subsektor pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menganalisis perubahan struktur ekonomi subsektor pertanian di Kabupaten Kulon Progo sebelum, selama, dan setelah pembangunan YIA, serta (2) mengidentifikasi subsektor pertanian unggulan pada setiap periode tersebut.. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan data sekunder PDRB Kabupaten Kulon Progo dan Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta tahun 2014–2024. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan shift-share, location quotient (LQ), dynamic location quotient (DLQ), dan analisis gabungan LQ-DLQ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembangunan YIA memberikan dampak yang berbeda pada setiap subsektor pertanian. Subsektor tanaman pangan mengalami penurunan kinerja, sedangkan subsektor hortikultura menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang lebih baik dan menjadi penyumbang terbesar sektor pertanian setelah pembangunan YIA. Subsektor perkebunan mengalami perlambatan setelah YIA beroperasi, sementara subsektor peternakan relatif stabil dan subsektor perikanan masih memiliki prospek pengembangan. Berdasarkan analisis gabungan LQ dan DLQ, subsektor perkebunan dan perikanan tergolong sebagai subsektor unggulan, sedangkan hortikultura merupakan subsektor potensial yang diperkirakan berkembang menjadi subsektor unggulan di masa mendatang. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi masukan bagi pemerintah daerah dalam merumuskan kebijakan pembangunan pertanian yang berkelanjutan di tengah transformasi ekonomi akibat pembangunan infrastruktur.

The development of Yogyakarta International Airport (YIA) in Kulon Progo Regency has stimulated regional economic growth but has also triggered agricultural land conversion, potentially altering the economic structure of the agricultural subsectors. This study aims to (1) analyze changes in the economic structure of the agricultural subsectors in Kulon Progo Regency before, during, and after the development of YIA, and (2) identify the leading agricultural subsectors in each period. This research employed a quantitative descriptive method using secondary data on the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of Kulon Progo Regency and the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province from 2014 to 2024. The analysis was conducted using shift-share, location quotient (LQ), dynamic location quotient (DLQ), and the combined LQ–DLQ analysis. The results indicate that the development of YIA has affected each agricultural subsector differently. The food crops subsector experienced a decline in performance, while the horticultural subsector demonstrated stronger growth and became the largest contributor to the agricultural sector after the development of YIA. The plantation crops subsector experienced slower growth after YIA became operational, whereas the livestock subsector remained relatively stable and the fisheries subsector continued to show development potential. Based on the combined LQ–DLQ analysis, the plantation crops and fisheries subsectors were identified as leading subsectors, while the horticultural subsector was classified as a potential subsector with the prospect of becoming a leading subsector in the future. The findings of this study are expected to provide policy recommendations for local governments in formulating sustainable agricultural development strategies amid the economic transformation resulting from infrastructure development.

Kata Kunci : Yogyakarta International Airport (YIA), subsektor pertanian, shift-share, location quotient (LQ), dynamic location quotient (DLQ).