Pemanfaatan Limbah Serbuk Bambu Petung (Dendrocalamus asper) Dari Industri Java Bamboo Lamina, Bantul Sebagai Bahan Baku Briket Arang

Bintang Pratama Nugroho Putra, Dr. Ir. Johanes Pramana Gentur Sutapa, M.Sc.Forest.Trop

2026 | Skripsi | KEHUTANAN

Industri Java Bamboo Lamina menghasilkan 13-20 m3 setiap satu hingga dua bulan limbah serbuk bambu petung yang belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Limbah serbuk bambu petung (Dendrocalamus asper (Schult.) Backer ex Heyne) merupakan limbah hasil pengolahan industri yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku briket arang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi suhu karbonisasi dan tekanan kempa terhadap sifat fisika dan kimia briket arang serbuk bambu petung.

Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan dua faktor perlakuan, yaitu suhu karbonisasi (350C, 450C, 550C) dan tekanan kempa (2000 psi, 2500 psi, 3000 psi). Pengujian kualitas briket arang dilakukan dengan standar ASTM yang meliputi pengujian sifat fisika (kadar air, berat jenis, nilai kalor), sifat kimia (kadar zat mudah menguap, kadar abu, kadar karbon terikat). Data hasil pengujian dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA dan uji lanjut Tukey HSD.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan suhu karbonisasi 550C dengan tekanan kempa 2000 psi (A3B1) menghasilkan briket arang serbuk bambu petung dengan kualitas terbaik. Briket tersebut memiliki kadar air 5,29%; berat jenis 0,76; nilai kalor 6553 kal/g; kadar zat mudah menguap 15,65%; kadar abu 10,88%; kadar karbon terikat 68,19%. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa kadar air memenuhi standar SNI 01-6235-2000 dan Amerika, nilai kalor memenuhi standar SNI, Jepang, dan Amerika, kadar zat mudah menguap memenuhi standar Jepang, Inggis, dan Amerika, kadar abu memenuhi standar Amerika, serta kadar karbon terikat memenuhi standar Jepang dan Amerika. Namun, berat jenis belum memenuhi standar yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa suhu karbonisasi berpengaruh terhadap seluruh parameter, sedangkan tekanan kempa hanya berpengaruh terhadap kadar air, kadar zat mudah menguap, dan kadar abu.

Java Bamboo Lamina industry produces approximately 13–20 m3 of petung bamboo sawdust waste every one to two months that has not been optimally utilized. Petung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper (Schult.) Backer ex Heyne) sawdust waste is an industrial by-product that can be utilized as a raw material for charcoal briquettes. This study aimed to determine the the effects of variations in carbonization temperature and compaction pressure on the physical and chemical properties of petung bamboo sawdust charcoal briquettes.

This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two treatment factors, namely carbonization temperature (350C, 450C, 550C) and compaction pressure (2000 psi, 2500 psi, 3000 psi). Charcoal briquette quality testing was conducted based on ASTM standards, which included physical properties (moisture content, density, calorific value) and chemical properties (volatile matter content, ash content, fixed carbon content). The test data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test.

The results showed that treatment combination of 550C carbonization temperature and 2000 psi compaction pressure (A3B1) produced the best-quality petung bamboo sawdust charcoal briquettes. The briquettes had a moisture content of 5.29%; specific gravity of 0.76; calorific value of 6553 cal/g; volatile matter content of 15.65%; ash content of 10.88%; fixed carbon content of 68.19%. The results indicated that moisture content met the SNI 01-6235-2000 and American standards, calorific value met the SNI, Japanese, and American standards, volatile matter content met the Japanese, British, and American standards, ash content met the American standard, and fixed carbon content met the Japanese and American standards. However, specific gravity did not meet any of the standards. The results also showed that carbonization temperature had a significant effect on all parameters, whereas compaction pressure only had a significant effect on moisture content, volatile matter content, and ash content.

Kata Kunci : bambu petung, serbuk bambu, briket arang, suhu karbonisasi, tekanan kempa