Pengaruh Jenis Abu dan Dosis Nitrogen terhadap Sifat Kimia Tanah, Pertumbuhan, dan Hasil Padi pada Inceptisol Srandakan, Bantul

Kheiza Astrell Darmawan, Nasih Widya Yuwono S.P., M.P, Dr. Agr. Cahyo Wulandari, S.P., M.P.

2026 | Skripsi | ILMU TANAH

Penggunaan pupuk nitrogen dosis tinggi tanpa diimbangi unsur hara lain dapat meningkatkan risiko ketidakseimbangan hara dan rebah pada tanaman padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh abu terhadap sifat kimia tanah serta pengaruh jenis abu dan dosis nitrogen terhadap kandungan dan serapan N, K, Ca, dan Si, pertumbuhan, biomassa, dan hasil tanaman padi pada Inceptisol Srandakan, Bantul. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial 4 × 3 dengan faktor jenis abu (tanpa abu, abu sekam padi, abu kayu, dan campuran keduanya) serta dosis nitrogen (100, 140, dan 180 kg N/ha), dengan satu perlakuan kontrol tanpa pemberian abu. Tanaman yang digunakan adalah padi varietas Inpari 32. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA), dilanjutkan uji DMRT, uji Dunnett, dan korelasi Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi abu meningkatkan pH H?O serta ketersediaan Si, K, dan Ca tanah setelah inkubasi. Pemberian abu dan dosis nitrogen memberikan respons terhadap kandungan dan serapan N, K, Ca, dan Si, jumlah anakan total, jumlah anakan produktif, biomassa, dan beberapa komponen hasil tanaman padi. Perlakuan abu campuran dan dosis nitrogen sedang menunjukkan respons yang baik pada beberapa parameter pertumbuhan dan hasil, sedangkan peningkatan dosis nitrogen tidak selalu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman. Analisis korelasi menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara ketersediaan Si, K, dan Ca tanah, status hara tanaman terutama Si, K, dan Ca, biomassa, serta komponen hasil berupa bobot 1000 butir dan persentase gabah isi. Pemberian abu berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber hara alternatif untuk mendukung pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman padi pada kondisi pemupukan nitrogen relatif tinggi.

High rates of nitrogen fertilization without sufficient supply of other nutrients increase the risk of nutrient imbalance and lodging in rice plants. This study aimed to analyze the effects of ash type on soil chemical properties and the effects of ash type and nitrogen rate on the content and uptake of N, K, Ca, and Si, plant growth, biomass, and yield of rice grown on Inceptisol in Srandakan, Bantul. The experiment was arranged in a 4 × 3 factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), consisting of four ash treatments (no ash, rice husk ash, wood ash, and a mixture of both ashes) and three nitrogen rates (100, 140, and 180 kg N ha?¹), with an additional control treatment without ash application. Inpari 32 rice was used as the test plant. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT), Dunnett’s test, and Pearson correlation analysis. The results showed that ash application increased soil pH (H?O) and the availability of Si, K, and Ca after incubation. Ash application and nitrogen rate affected N, K, Ca, and Si content and uptake, total tiller number, productive tiller number, biomass, and several yield components of rice. Rice husk ash showed consistent responses in several plant growth and nutrient status parameters, while the combination of rice husk ash and wood ash resulted in high values for several soil chemical properties and yield parameters. Pearson correlation analysis indicated relationships among the availability of Si, K, and Ca in the soil, plant nutrient status, vegetative growth, biomass, and yield components of rice including 1000 grain weight and the percentage of filled grains. Rice husk ash and wood ash have the potential to serve as alternative nutrient sources to support rice growth and yield under relatively high nitrogen fertilization.

Kata Kunci : abu kayu, abu sekam padi, Inceptisol, nitrogen, padi