Pengaruh Ekstrak Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T.Nees) Blume) pada Ikan Wader Pari (Rasbora lateristriata (Bleeker, 1854)) Hiperglikemik

NADHIRA HUSNADINI N., Prof. Dr. Bambang Retnoaji, S.Si., M.Sc.

2026 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Diabetes melitus merupakan suatu gangguan metabolisme yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia. Kejadian hiperglikemia yang berada pada tahap kronis pada orang yang terkena diabetes melitus bisa menyebabkan sistem organ rusak hingga retinopati diabetik. Ekstrak kayu manis bisa digunakan sebagai antidiabetes karena C. burmannii memiliki beragam metabolit sekunder dan memiliki peran sebagai inhibitor ?-glukosidase karena bisa menghambat pencernaan disakarida dan perjalanan glukosa. Senyawa kimia antidiabetik seperti cinnamaldehyde dan MHCP juga ditemukan pada kayu manis. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mempelajari pengaruh pemberian ekstrak kayu manis pada kadar gula darah ikan wader pari (Rasbora lateristriata Bleeker, 1854) serta pengaruhnya terhadap struktur histologis retina mata ikan. Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental murni laboratorium dan parameter penelitian yaitu kadar glukosa darah dan panjang lapisan histologis retina. Dalam studi ini digunakan ikan wader pari dan dibagi menjadi enam kelompok yaitu kontrol normal, kontrol negatif (hiperglikemik), kontrol positif (hiperglikemik+metformin), P1 ekstrak 1,25 ?g/mL, P2 ekstrak 5 ?g/mL, dan P3 ekstrak 10 ?g/mL . Ikan diinduksi dengan direndam glukosa hingga mencapai kondisi hiperglikemia. Kadar glukosa diukur menggunakan glukometer serta preparat histologi dibuat dengan metode H&E. Data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan SPSS melalui One-Way ANOVA dan Uji Duncan. Hasil histologi retina dilihat menggunakan software ImageJ. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak C.burmannii bisa menurunkan kadar gula darah ikan wader pari dan memiliki efek protektif terhadap struktur histologis retina mata yang mengalami DMT2. Kayu manis bisa mencegah kerusakan fotoreseptor, menekan aktivasi glial, angiogenesis, dan stress oksidatif. Ekstrak kayu manis dengan sifat hipoglikemiknya bisa mengurangi kelainan pada retina dan memiliki aktivitas antidiabetes melalui senyawa bioaktif prosianidin-B2 (PCB2) terhadap pembentukan AGEs.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. Chronic hyperglycemia in people with diabetes mellitus can cause organ system damage and even diabetic retinopathy. Cinnamon extract can be used as an antidiabetic agent because C. burmannii has various secondary metabolites and acts as an ?-glucosidase inhibitor by inhibiting disaccharide digestion and glucose metabolism. Antidiabetic chemical compounds such as cinnamaldehyde and MHCP are also found in cinnamon. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of cinnamon extract on blood sugar levels in wader ray (Rasbora lateristriata (Bleeker, 1854)) and its effect on the histological structure of the fish's retina. This study was a purely experimental laboratory study, and the research parameters were blood glucose levels and the length of the retinal histological layer. In this study, wader stingray fish were used and divided into six groups, namely normal control, negative control (hyperglycemic), positive control (hyperglycemic + metformin), P1 extract 1.25 ?g / mL, P2 extract 5 ?g / mL, and P3 extract 10 ?g / mL. Fish were induced by being immersed in glucose until they reached a hyperglycemic state. Glucose levels were measured using a glucometer and histological preparations were made using the H&E method. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS through One-Way ANOVA and Duncan Test. Retinal histology results were viewed using ImageJ software. The results of the study showed that C. burmannii extract can reduce blood sugar levels in wader stingray fish and has a protective effect on the histological structure of the retina of the eye with T2DM. Cinnamon can prevent photoreceptor damage, suppress glial activation, angiogenesis, and oxidative stress. Cinnamon extract with its hypoglycemic properties can reduce retinal abnormalities and has antidiabetic activity through the bioactive compound procyanidin-B2 (PCB2) against the formation of AGEs.

Kata Kunci : Diabetes melitus, Cinnamomum burmannii, kadar gula darah, ikan wader pari, histologi retina mata ikan