Pengaruh infeksi Brugia malayi dan imunisasi protein Ekskretori-Sekkretori Brugia malayi terhadap aktivasi Makrofag dan Proliferasi Limfosit T (Meriones unguiculatus) :: Kajian pada mencit Balb/c dan gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)

ROSANTI, Tutik Ida, Prof.dr. Marsetyawan, HNES., MSc.,Ph.D

2005 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Tropis

Supresi imunitas seluler dan infeksi kronis adalah sifat filariasis malayi. Hambatan proliferasi sel T, supresi aktivasi makrofag dan respon imun yang didominasi sel Th2 merupakan sebagian faktor yang menyebabkan kronisitas filariasis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh infeksi Brugia malayi dan imunisasi protein ekskretori-sekretori (ES) Brugia malayi terhadap aktivasi makrofag dan proliferasi limfosit T. Protein ES Brugia malayi diperoleh dengan cara kultur in vitro cacing jantan dan betina dalam medium tanpa serum. Protein ES dikumpulkan dari supernatan kultur kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif menggunakan metoda Bradford. Balb/c disuntik dengan 5μg protein ES sub kutan selama dua minggu dilanjutkan dengan 5 μg secara intra vena selama tiga minggu berikutnya. Gerbil yang sudah terinfeksi Brugia malayi diperoleh dari Laboratorium Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran UGM. Makrofag diisolasi dari kantong peritoneum mencit Balb/c dan gerbil selanjutnya diperiksa morfologinya. Sel T diisolasi dari limpa mencit Balb/c dan gerbil kemudian diperiksa proliferasinya dengan menghitung jumlah sel berdasarkan uji MTT, sedangkan sel T normal distimulasi dengan phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Proliferasi sel T yang diisolasi dari gerbil terinfeksi lebih rendah dari kontrol (p<0,05). Makrofag gerbil terinfeksi Brugia malayi menunjukkan karakteristik morfologi yang sama dengan makrofag kontrol. Proliferasi sel T Balb/c terimunisasi protein ES lebih tinggi daripada kontrol (p<0,05). Makrofag yang diisolasi dari Balb/c terimunisasi menunjukkan morfologi teraktivasi. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah infeksi Brugia malayi menghambat proliferasi sel T tetapi tidak menginduksi aktivasi makrofag pada gerbil. Supresi tidak dapat ditimbulkan oleh imunisasi 5 μg protein ES pada mencit Balb/c.

Chronicity and suppression of cellular immunity are characteristic features of filariasis malayi. Suppression of T cell proliferation, inhibition of macrophage activation and Th2 responses have been attributed to the chronicity of infection with Brugia malayi. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Brugia malayi infection and Brugia malayi excretory-secretory (ES) immunization on the activity of macrophages and the parasite-spesific T cell proliferation responses Adult parasite excretory-secretory (ES) was obtained by in vitro culture of adult males and females of Brugia malayi using culture medium without human sera. The ES protein collected from the culture medium was analysed quantitatively by Bradford method. Balb/c mice received 5 μg of ES sub cutaneous every week for two weeks and 5 μg of ES intra venous for three weeks later. Infected jirds were obtained from the laboratory of Parasitology Medical faculty, Gadjah Mada University. The macrophages were isolated from peritoneal cavity and were studied their morphological changes. T cells were isolated from the spleen and then were assayed for their antigen-spesific proliferation.The normal T cells were stimulated with phytohaemagglutin (PHA). The parasite-spesific T cell proliferation in infected jird was significantly low than those of control groups (p< 0,05). The morphology of peritoneal macrophages were isolated from infected jird and were isolated from normal jird revealed the same characteristic. The antigen-spesific T cell proliferation in immunized Balb/c mice was significantly high than those of control groups (p<0,05). The morphology of peritoneal macrophages that were isolated from immunized Balb/c mice revealed its activated state. It was concluded that Brugia malayi infection inhibits the parasite-spesific T cell proliferation, but does not induce peritoneal macrophage activity.The suppression could not be generated by 5 μg of ES immunization in Balb/c mice.

Kata Kunci : Filariasis Limfatik, Infeksi Brugia Malayi, Imunisasi Protein ES, Makrofag dan Proliferasi Limfosit T