Pengaruh Perbedaan Tinggi Pangkasan dan Famili terhadap Produksi Tunas Hasil Pangkasan Acacia auriculiformis Selama Tiga Bulan di Persemaian Klebengan, Yogyakarta

Puti Andini, Ir. Adriana, M.P. ; Mochamat Gunawan Wibisono, S.Hut., M.Hum., M.Sc.

2026 | Skripsi | KEHUTANAN

Acacia auriculiformis merupakan tanaman cepat tumbuh (fast-growing species) yang bermanfaat sebagai bahan baku pulp dan kertas, kayu pertukangan, kayu energi, serta unggul untuk program rehabilitasi lahan marginal seperti karst Gunungkidul. Namun, penyediaan bibit unggul secara generatif terkendala oleh produksi benih yang sangat bergantung pada musim serta rendahnya persentase pembungaan menjadi buah. Oleh karena itu, penyediaan bibit melalui perbanyakan vegetatif berupa stek pucuk dari kebun pangkas penting dilakukan karena mampu menghasilkan keturunan yang identik dengan induknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan tinggi pangkasan dan famili terhadap produksi tunas hasil pangkasan A. auriculiformis selama tiga bulan di Persemaian Klebengan, Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan desain CRD (Completely Randomized Design) dengan 2 faktor perlakuan, yaitu tinggi pangkasan (50 cm dan 100 cm) dan famili (7 famili = 3M, 5M, 14M, 15M, 25S, H, dan L). Terdapat 14 kombinasi perlakuan, setiap perlakuan terdapat 4 ulangan sehingga jumlah induk pangkasan yang digunakan yaitu 56 batang. Parameter pertumbuhan yang diamati dan diukur, yaitu jumlah tunas, jumlah daun, panjang tunas, diameter tunas, jumlah node, dan internode. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tinggi pangkasan sangat berbeda nyata terhadap jumlah tunas, jumlah daun, dan diameter tunas. Tinggi pangkasan 100 cm menunjukkan nilai rerata jumlah tunas, jumlah daun, panjang tunas, diameter tunas, jumlah node, dan internode yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan tinggi pangkasan 50 cm. Perlakuan famili sangat berbeda nyata terhadap parameter jumlah daun, jumlah node, dan internode, serta berbeda nyata terhadap parameter panjang tunas. Induk pangkasan nomor famili 3M, 5M, 14M, dan 15M menunjukkan rerata jumlah stek pucuk siap panen > 6 tunas. Interaksi antara perlakuan tinggi pangkasan dan famili tidak berbeda nyata. Famili nomor 14M pada tinggi pangkasan 100 cm (14M100) menunjukkan rerata jumlah stek pucuk siap panen > 27 tunas.

Acacia auriculiformis is a fast-growing species valued as a raw material for pulp and paper, timber, and energy wood and is well suited for rehabilitation programs on marginal lands such as the karst areas of Gunungkidul. However, the supply of superior seedlings through generative propagation is constrained by seed production that is highly dependent on seasonal conditions and by the low percentage of flowering leading to fruit set. Therefore, seedling supply through vegetative propagation using shoot cuttings from a clonal hedge orchard is important, as it produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent tree. This study aimed to determine the effect of different pruning heights and families on shoot production of A. auriculiformis stock plants pruned up to three months old at the Klebengan Nursery. This study was conducted using a completely randomized design with two treatments: pruning height (50 cm and 100 cm) and family (7 families = 3M, 5M, 14M, 15M, 25S, H, and L). There were 14 treatment combinations, each with four replications, resulting in a total of 56 stock plants. The growth parameters observed and measured were the number of shoots, number of leaves, shoot length, shoot diameter, nodes, and internodes. The results showed that pruning height had a highly significant effect on the number of shoots, number of leaves, and shoot diameter. Stem pruning of stock plants at a 100 cm height showed a higher number of shoots, number of leaves, shoot length, shoot diameter, number of nodes, and internodes compared to that of a 50 cm height. Different family treatments had a highly significant effect on the number of leaves, number of nodes, and internode length, and a significant effect on shoot length. The family numbers 3M, 5M, 14M, and 15M showed an average value of ready-to-harvest shoot cuttings > 6 shoots. The interaction between pruning height and family was not significantly different. The family number 14M, pruned at 100 cm, showed the number of harvestable shoot cuttings of > 27 shoots.

Kata Kunci : Acacia auriculiformis, famili, kebun pangkas, tinggi pangkasan, trubusan / Acacia auriculiformis, family, stock plants, pruning height, shoot