Pemodelan Dispersi Emisi SO2, NOx, dan TSP Cerobong Suatu PLTU di Wilayah Pesisir Jawa Barat pada Musim Hujan dan Musim Kemarau Tahun 2024/2025

Shafa As Syifa Listyoputri, Nurul Alvia Istiqomah, S.T., M.Sc., Ph.D

2026 | Skripsi | S1 TEKNIK INFRASTRUKTUR LINGKUNGAN

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) masih menjadi tulang punggung penyediaan listrik nasional, namun pembakaran batu baranya menghasilkan emisi sulfur dioksida (SO?), nitrogen oksida (NO?), dan Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) yang berpotensi menurunkan kualitas udara ambien di sekitar sumber emisi. PLTU Pesisir Jawa Barat berkapasitas 660 MW berlokasi di wilayah pesisir yang berdekatan dengan permukiman, sehingga pola sebaran polutan dari cerobongnya perlu dikaji secara spasial. Simulasi dilakukan pada musim hujan dan kemarau karena perbedaan arah dan kecepatan angin dominan antarmusim berpotensi menghasilkan pola sebaran yang berbeda, sehingga kajian satu musim saja belum cukup mewakili risiko sepanjang tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola sebaran konsentrasi SO?, NO?, dan TSP pada kedua musim menggunakan software AERMOD, menganalisis pengaruh musim terhadap sebaran polutan, menilai kesesuaiannya terhadap baku mutu PP No. 22 Tahun 2021, membandingkan konsentrasi hasil pemodelan dengan data kualitas udara ambien lapangan, serta menganalisis kapasitas asimilasi udara ambien pada radius 14 km dari cerobong. Sebagai temuan tambahan, dilakukan simulasi rekayasa tata guna lahan berupa penyediaan RTH untuk menguji pengaruhnya terhadap konsentrasi polutan. Data meteorologi dari Copernicus Climate Data Store diolah dengan AERMET, sedangkan data emisi bersumber dari CEMS PLTU. Kedua data tersebut digunakan sebagai input pemodelan dispersi menggunakan AERMOD untuk menghasilkan konsentrasi SO?, NO?, dan TSP pada kedua musim, yang kemudian dibandingkan dengan data kualitas udara ambien lapangan serta dievaluasi terhadap baku mutu dan kapasitas asimilasi udara ambien di sekitar PLTU. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola sebaran konsentrasi tertinggi (MGLC) musiman konsisten dengan arah angin dominan: ke arah timur pada musim hujan (±4.4 km) dan ke arah utara pada musim kemarau (±2.8 km), sedangkan konsentrasi ekstrem periode 1 jam dan 24 jam bergeser ke arah barat daya pada kedua musim akibat kejadian meteorologi spesifik. Perbedaan musim tidak menghasilkan perbedaan besar pada besaran konsentrasi rata-rata periode penuh (selisih <1>

Coal-fired steam power plants (PLTU) remain the backbone of Indonesia's national electricity supply, yet their coal combustion generates sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) emissions that can degrade ambient air quality around the emission source. The West Java Coastal PLTU, with a capacity of 660 MW, is located in a coastal area adjacent to residential settlements, so the dispersion pattern of pollutants from its stack needs to be assessed spatially. Simulations were conducted for both the rainy and dry seasons because differences in dominant wind direction and speed between seasons can produce different dispersion patterns, so an assessment based on a single season would not adequately represent the risk throughout the year. This study aims to determine the dispersion pattern of SO2, NOx, and TSP concentrations during both seasons using the AERMOD software, to analyze the effect of seasonal differences on pollutant dispersion, to assess compliance with the ambient air quality standards under Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021, to compare modeled concentrations with ambient air quality monitoring data from the field, and to analyze the assimilative capacity of ambient air within a 14 km radius of the stack. As an additional finding, a land-use engineering simulation involving the provision of Green Open Space (RTH) was conducted to examine its effect on pollutant concentrations. Meteorological data from the Copernicus Climate Data Store were processed using AERMET, while emission data were sourced from the plant's CEMS. Both datasets were used as inputs for the dispersion modeling process using AERMOD to generate SO2, NOx, and TSP concentrations during both seasons, which were then compared with ambient air quality monitoring data from the field and evaluated against the ambient air quality standards and assimilative capacity around the PLTU. The results show that the highest seasonal concentration pattern (MGLC) is consistent with the dominant wind direction: toward the East during the rainy season (±4.4 km) and toward the North during the dry season (±2.8 km), while extreme 1-hour and 24-hour concentrations shifted toward the Southwest in both seasons due to specific meteorological events. Seasonal differences did not produce a large difference in full-period average concentration magnitude (difference <1>

Kata Kunci : dispersi polutan udara; AERMOD; PLTU; SO?, NO?, dan TSP; kapasitas asimilasi udara ambien.