Perkembangan Histomorfometris Siring dan Vokalisasi Ayam Gallus gallus domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758) Galur KUB pada Berbagai Kelompok Umur

Muhammad Fathin Setya Daffa, Dr. Ardaning Nuriliani, S.Si., M.Kes.; Susilohadi, S.Si., M.Si., Ph.D.

2026 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Perkembangan vokalisasi dan struktur anatomis siring burung penyanyi berdasarkan umur telah diteliti secara ekstensif. Berbagai studi telah mempelajari karakter vokalisasi berbagai galur ayam, namun belum mempertimbangkan aspek histologis siring yang melatarbelakangi karakter vokalisasi ayam KUB jantan. Selain itu, perkembangan histologis siring ayam KUB jantan pada rentang umur tertentu juga belum banyak diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan histomorfometrik siring dan vokalisasi ayam KUB jantan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 16 ekor ayam KUB jantan yang terbagi menjadi kelompok umur 2, 3, 4, dan 5 bulan. Metode penelitian meliputi perekaman suara, analisis histomorfometri dan pengamatan histologis. Data vokal direkam dengan Sennheiser Zoom H6. Setelah perekaman suara, ayam dikorbankan dan siring dikoleksi untuk pembuatan preparat histologis dengan metode parafin dan pewarnaan Hematoksilin-Eosin (HE). Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan uji One-way ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji post-hoc DMRT. Hasil menunjukkan parameter berupa frekuensi vokalisasi kata, frekuensi berkokok, dan durasi kokok mengalami peningkatan dari umur 2 – 5 bulan. Repertoire ayam KUB jantan mengalami pertambahan dari umur 2 – 4 bulan namun menurun pada bulan ke-5. Ketebalan MTM, MTL, kartilago timpanum, otot TL, otot ST, trakea dan luas pesulus bertambah dari umur 2 – 5 bulan. Timpanum ayam KUB jantan tersusun atas kartilago hialin (dapat terosifikasi), epitel kolumner berlapis semu bersilia dengan sel goblet, tunika submukosa, lamina propria, dan tunika serosa. MTM dan MTL tersusun atas epitel pipih berlapis, lamina propria, tunika submukosa, dan tunika serosa. Otot ST dan TL merupakan otot lurik. Pesulus tersusun atas kartilago hialin (dapat terosifikasi), tunika submukosa, lamina propria, dan epitel kolumner berlapis semu bersilia dengan sel goblet. Trakea tersusun atas kartilago hialin, tunika submukosa, lamina propria, dan epitel kolumner berlapis semu bersilia dengan sel goblet. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ayam KUB jantan mengalami perubahan karakter vokalisasi, histomorfometris, dan histologis siring dari umur 2 – 5 bulan.

Vocal development and the anatomical structure of the syrinx in songbirds has been extensively studied. While various studies have examined the vocalisation characteristics of different chicken strains, the histological aspects of the syrinx underlying the bioacoustic traits of KUB cockerels have not yet been considered. Furthermore, the histological development of the KUB cockerel’s syrinx across age ranges remains under-researched. This study aimed to analyze the histomorphometric, histological, and bioacoustic changes in the syrinx of KUB cockerels. This study divided 16 KUB cockerels into 2, 3, 4, and 5 months-old groups. The research methods included voice recording, histomorphometric analysis, and histological observation. Vocal data were recorded using a Sennheiser Zoom H6. The cockerels were then euthanized, and the syrinx was collected to prepare histological slides using the paraffin method and Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining. Statistical analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA followed by a post-hoc DMRT test. The results showed that vocalisation frequency, crowing frequency, and crowing duration increased from age of 2 – 5 month. The KUB cockerels’ vocal repertoire increased from 2 – 4 months but declined by the 5th month. Histomorphometrically, the thickness of the MTM, MTL, tympanum cartilage, ST, TL, trachea cartilage, and area of ??the pesulus, increased from 2nd to 5th months. The tympanum of KUB cockerels is composed of hyaline cartilage, ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells, submucosa, lamina propria, and serosa. The MTM and MTL consist of stratified squamous epithelium, lamina propria, submucosa, and serosa. The ST and TL muscles are striated. The pessulus is composed of hyaline cartilage (which may undergo ossification), submucosa, lamina propria, and ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells. The trachea is composed of hyaline cartilage, submucosa, lamina propria, and ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells. It was concluded that KUB cockerels undergo changes in the histomorphometry and histology of the syrinx, and in bioacoustic characteristics, between the ages of 2 and 5 months.

Kata Kunci : ayam, vokalisasi, histomorfometri, trakeobronkial, siring