Hubungan Profil Somatotype dan Performa Atlet Sepak Bola di Indonesia
El Ahkam Taufiqul Ahmad, Dr. Rio Jati Kusuma, S.Gz., MS; Dian Caturini S., B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D; Dr. Mirza Hapsari S.T.P., S.Gz., Dietisien, MPH
2026 | Skripsi | GIZI KESEHATAN
Latar belakang: Sepak bola merupakan olahraga stop and go yang menuntut kombinasi kapasitas fisik, teknik, dan taktik unggul, di mana proporsi tubuh (somatotype) terbukti memengaruhi 25% hingga 60% variasi performa fisik atlet. Namun, riset empiris di Indonesia yang menguji signifikansi perbedaan performa fisik antartipe somatotype, khususnya tipe balanced mesomorph yang dikenal mendominasi olahraga berbasis kecepatan dan kekuatan, masih sangat terbatas karena studi terdahulu umumnya bersifat deskriptif.
Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan profil somatotype dan performa atlet sepak bola di Indonesia.
Metode: Penelitian ini mengadopsi desain analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Pemetaan somatotype menggunakan metode Heath-Carter kemudian nilai endomorphy, mesomorphy, dan ectomorphy divisualisasikan menggunakan somatochart. Uji beda antarvariabel menggunakan uji Independent Sample T-Test.
Hasil: Hasil uji Independent Sample T-Test menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada performa fisik antara kedua kelompok (p-value = 0,010), di mana atlet dengan profil balanced mesomorph mencatatkan rata-rata persentase performa fisik yang nyata lebih tinggi (90,57 ± 2,76%) dibandingkan kelompok tipe tubuh lainnya (88,05 ± 2,21%). Keunggulan ini didorong oleh dominasi komponen massa otot kontraktil yang padat dan minimalnya hambatan beban lemak pasif pada tipe balanced mesomorph.
Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara profil somatotype dan performa atlet sepak bola di Indonesia. Kelompok balanced mesomorph memiliki rata-rata persentase tes fisik yang secara signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok tipe lain sehingga profil somatotype berhubungan dengan performa atlet sepak bola.
Background: Football is a dynamic, stop-and-go sport that demands a combination of superior physical, technical, and tactical capacities, with body proportions (somatotype) proven to influence 25% to 60% of variance in athletes' physical performance. However, empirical research in Indonesia testing the significance of physical performance differences across somatotype types, specifically the balanced mesomorph type, known to dominate speed-and strength-based sports, remains highly limited, as prior studies have generally been descriptive.
Objective: This study aims to determine the differences in somatotype profiles and performance among football athletes in Indonesia.
Methods: This study adopted an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. Somatotype plotting was conducted using the Heath-Carter method, and endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy values were visualized using a somatochart. Differences between variables were analyzed using the Independent Sample T-Test.
Results: The Independent Sample T-Test results indicated a significant difference in physical performance between the two groups (p-value = 0,010), with balanced mesomorph athletes recording a markedly higher mean physical performance percentage (90,57 ± 2,76%) compared to other body type groups (88,05 ± 2,21%). This advantage is driven by the dominance of dense contractile muscle mass components and the minimal resistance from passive fat mass in the balanced mesomorph type.
Conclusion: There is a significant difference between somatotype profiles and the performance of football athletes in Indonesia. The balanced mesomorph group exhibits a significantly higher mean physical test percentage than other types, indicating that somatotype profiles are closely associated with football athletes' performance.
Kata Kunci : Somatotype, Performa, Sepak Bola
