Pelindungan hukum terhadap hak atas upah pekerja sistem satuan hasil di perusahaan perkebunan PT X.

INDRI JASINTA, Dr. Murti Pramuwardhani Dewi, S.H., M.Hum

2026 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hukum

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kesesuaian hubungan kerja sistem vendor terhadap praktik pengupahan pekerja harian satuan hasil di PT X berdasarkan hukum ketenagakerjaan, serta implikasi pelindungan hukumnya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah yuridis normative empiris dengan pendekatan perundangundangan dan konseptual. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan kuesioner kepada pekerja satuan hasil, vendor, dan divisi SDM PT X. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan skema alih daya PT X mengalami cacat hukum substantif dan formal. Secara substantif, pekerjaan penebangan tebu merupakan kegiatan utama (core business) yang dilarang dialihdayakan berdasarkan Permenaker Nomor 7 Tahun 2026. Secara formal, hubungan kerja hanya berdasarkan kesepakatan lisan tanpa perjanjian tertulis dengan vendor. Berdasarkan Pasal 57 UU Ketenagakerjaan jo. PP Nomor 35 Tahun 2021, status hubungan kerja tersebut demi hukum beralih menjadi Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tidak Tertentu (PKWTT) langsung dengan PT X. Akibat ketidakjelasan ini, hak atas upah pekerja sangat tereduksi di bawah Upah Minimum Kabupaten (UMK). Sistem pengupahan rendah ini mencederai rasa keadilan, memicu deprivasi hak kesehatan dan pendidikan anak, yang pada akhirnya melestarikan kemiskinan struktural serta menjebak pekerja dalam lingkaran kemiskinan antargenerasi (intergenerational poverty trap). Praktik ini juga melanggar prinsip Responsibility dan Fairness dalam Good Corporate Governance (GCG) PT X akibat pengalihan risiko usaha (risk shifting) secara sepihak kepada pekerja.

This study aims to analyze the conformity of the vendor-based employment relationship with wage practices for output-based daily workers at PT X, in light of labor laws, as well as the implications for legal protection. It employs a normative-empirical legal research method, utilizing both statutory and conceptual approaches. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaires involving output-based workers, vendors, and PT X’s Human Resources division. The findings reveal that PT X’s outsourcing scheme suffers from both substantive and formal legal flaws. Substantively, sugarcane harvesting constitutes a core business activity that is prohibited from being outsourced under the Minister of Manpower Regulation Number 7 of 2026. Formally, the employment relationship relied solely on verbal agreements, lacking any written contracts with the vendors. Pursuant to Article 57 of the Manpower Law in conjunction with Government Regulation Number 35 of 2021, the employment status automatically converts by operation of law into an Indefinite-Term Employment Agreement (PKWTT) directly with PT X. This ambiguity results in workers' wages being severely reduced to levels below the Regency Minimum Wage (UMK). Such low-wage practices violate the sense of justice and lead to the deprivation of rights regarding healthcare and children's education; ultimately, this perpetuates structural poverty and traps workers in an intergenerational poverty cycle. Furthermore, this practice violates the principles of Responsibility and Fairness within PT X’s Good Corporate Governance (GCG) framework by unilaterally shifting business risks onto the workers.

Kata Kunci : Pelindungan hukum, Hak atas upah, Hubungan alih daya.