Dinamika Adaptasi dan Inovasi antar Generasi Bisnis Keluarga di Kudus

Retno Triwinasis, Risa Virgosita, S.E., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2026 | Skripsi | MANAJEMEN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami bagaimana dinamika antargenerasi memengaruhi proses adaptasi dan inovasi pada bisnis keluarga serta bagaimana perubahan lingkungan bisnis mendorong proses tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus jamak pada tiga bisnis keluarga di Kabupaten Kudus yang telah mengalami regenerasi antargenerasi. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur dengan informan yang terlibat dalam pengelolaan masing-masing bisnis dan dianalisis menggunakan thematic analysis. Perspektif Three-Circle Model digunakan untuk menganalisis dinamika antara sistem family, ownership, dan business, sedangkan perspektif Dynamic Capabilities digunakan untuk memahami kemampuan sensing, seizing, dan transforming dalam merespons perubahan lingkungan bisnis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dinamika antargenerasi membentuk proses adaptasi dan inovasi melalui pembagian peran, komunikasi, pengambilan keputusan, pengelolaan perbedaan, serta pembelajaran dan kaderisasi generasi penerus. Sementara itu, perubahan lingkungan bisnis mendorong ketiga bisnis untuk mengenali perubahan dan peluang (sensing), memilih respons yang sesuai dengan kondisi dan kapasitas usaha (seizing), serta melakukan penyesuaian terhadap sumber daya, sistem, dan aktivitas bisnis (transforming). Meskipun memiliki pola yang serupa, setiap bisnis menunjukkan mekanisme adaptasi dan inovasi yang berbeda sesuai dengan karakteristik, skala, sumber daya, dan kebutuhan masing-masing. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa keberlangsungan bisnis keluarga lintas generasi dibangun melalui keseimbangan antara pengelolaan hubungan keluarga, kepemilikan, dan bisnis dengan kemampuan merespons perubahan lingkungan.

This study aims to understand how intergenerational dynamics influence adaptation and innovation processes in family businesses and how changes in the business environment drive these processes. A qualitative approach with a multiple-case study design was employed, focusing on three family businesses in Kudus Regency that have undergone intergenerational succession. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with informants involved in managing each business and analyzed using thematic analysis. The Three-Circle Model perspective was used to analyze the dynamics among the family, ownership, and business systems, while the Dynamic Capabilities perspective was utilized to understand the capabilities of sensing, seizing, and transforming in response to changes in the business environment. The results indicate that intergenerational dynamics shape adaptation and innovation processes through role allocation, communication, decision-making, conflict management, and the learning and grooming of the next generation. Meanwhile, changes in the business environment drive the three businesses to recognize shifts and opportunities (sensing), select responses aligned with their conditions and capacities (seizing), and adjust their resources, systems, and business activities (transforming). Although they share similar patterns, each business exhibits distinct adaptation and innovation mechanisms tailored to its specific characteristics, scale, resources, and needs. These findings demonstrate that the cross-generational continuity of family businesses is built upon balancing the management of family, ownership, and business relationships with the capability to respond to environmental changes.

Kata Kunci : Bisnis Keluarga, Adaptasi, Inovasi, Penelitian Kualitatif, Studi Kasus Jamak, Thematic Analysis, Three-Circle Model, Dynamic Capabilities