Viabilitas Benih Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) pada Berbagai Periode Simpan dan Konsentrasi GA3

Lukluk Nimas Ayu Chiyaroh, Dr. Ir. Endang Sulistyaningsih, M.sc.; Agus Budi Setiawan, S.P., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Agronomi

Benih kopi robusta (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) tergolong benih intermediet yang memiliki daya simpan relatif singkat sehingga kualitasnya mudah menurun. Salah satu upaya untuk mempertahankan mutu benih adalah melalui perlakuan priming. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui serta mengevaluasi pengaruh periode simpan dan konsentrasi priming GA₃ yang efektif terhadap viabilitas benih kopi robusta. Penelitian menggunakan RAL 2 faktor yaitu periode simpan (0, 10, 20, dan 30 hari) dan perlakuan priming (akuades, GA3 100 ppm, GA3 150 ppm). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa viabilitas benih kopi robusta masih dapat dipertahankan setelah 20 hari penyimpanan, tetapi mulai mengalami penurunan kualitas fisiologis setelah disimpan 30 hari. Hydropriming dengan akuades selama 12 jam memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan GA3 100 ppm dan 150 ppm selama 2 jam dalam meningkatkan daya kecambah dan persentase kecambah normal. 

Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) seeds are classified as intermediate seeds with relatively short storage longevity, making them highly susceptible to deterioration during storage. Seed priming is one of the approaches used to maintain seed quality. This study aimed to determine and evaluate the effects of storage period and the effective concentration of GA3 priming on the viability of Robusta coffee seeds. The experiment was arranged in a two-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor was storage period (0, 10, 20, and 30 days), while the second factor was priming treatment (distilled water, GA3 100 ppm, and GA3 150 ppm). The results showed that the viability of Robusta coffee seeds could be maintained for up to 20 days of storage, whereas physiological quality began to decline after 30 days of storage. Hydropriming with distilled water for 12 hours was more effective than GA3 priming at 100 ppm and 150 ppm for 2 hours in enhancing germination and normal seedling percentages.

Kata Kunci : Vigor, Periode simpan, Priming, Benih Kopi, Kadar air