Tanggapan Anatomis, Morfologis dan Hasil Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) Bongkar Ratoon terhadap Pupuk Majemuk Formula Tebu di Vertisol, Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur

Malik Priambada, Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra, S.P., M.P., Ph.D. ; Valentina Dwi Suci H, S.P., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Agronomi

Produktivitas tebu sangat dipengaruhi oleh kecukupan hara selama fase vegetatif, terutama pada Vertisol yang memiliki kandungan liat tinggi dan berpotensi mengalami keterbatasan aerasi ketika kelembapan berlebih. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji tanggapan anatomis, morfologis, dan estimasi hasil tebu bongkar ratoon terhadap perbedaan dosis pupuk majemuk khusus tebu. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Oktober 2023 sampai April 2024 di Urangagung, Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur, menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok lengkap dengan empat blok. Perlakuan terdiri atas P0, yaitu pupuk eksisting dosis 1.000 kg·ha?¹; P1, pupuk majemuk khusus tebu dosis 750 kg·ha?¹; P2 dosis 1.000 kg·ha?¹; dan P3 dosis 1.250 kg·ha?¹. Variabel yang diamati meliputi status hara tanah dan daun, anatomi akar, batang, dan daun, morfologi tanaman, populasi, serta estimasi hasil tebu. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam dan uji lanjut Tukey HSD pada taraf 5%, regresi stepwise, dan structural equation modeling. Sebagian besar variabel anatomis dan morfologis tidak berbeda nyata antardosis. Perlakuan P1 mempertahankan keragaan anatomis dan morfologis yang setara dengan P0, tetapi menghasilkan populasi tanaman lebih rendah daripada P0, P2, dan P3. Estimasi hasil P1 lebih rendah daripada P2 dan P3, tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan P0. Nitrogen tersedia tanah tetap tergolong sangat rendah, sedangkan kandungan N, Ca, dan B daun berada di bawah batas kritis. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa dosis 750 kg·ha?¹ berpotensi menurunkan input pupuk sebesar 25?ngan mempertahankan sebagian besar karakter anatomis dan morfologis vegetatif dibandingkan praktik eksisting. Namun, pengelolaan nitrogen, kelembapan Vertisol, serta validasi sampai fase pemasakan dan panen tetap diperlukan sebelum rekomendasi hasil ditetapkan secara definitif

Sugarcane productivity is strongly influenced by nutrient availability during vegetative growth, particularly on Vertisol with high clay content and restricted aeration under excessive moisture. This study evaluated the anatomical, morphological, and projected yield responses of ratoon-replacement sugarcane to different rates of a sugarcane-specific compound fertilizer. The experiment was conducted from October 2023 to April 2024 in Urangagung, Sidoarjo, East Java, using a randomized complete block design with four blocks. The treatments were P0, the existing fertilizer at 1,000 kg ha?¹; P1, the sugarcane-specific compound fertilizer at 750 kg ha?¹; P2 at 1,000 kg ha?¹; and P3 at 1,250 kg ha?¹. Observations included soil and leaf nutrient status, root, stem, and leaf anatomy, plant morphology, population, and projected cane yield. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance followed by Tukey HSD at 5%, stepwise regression, and structural equation modeling. Most anatomical and morphological variables did not differ significantly among treatments. P1 maintained anatomical and morphological performance comparable with P0, but produced a lower plant population than P0, P2, and P3. Projected yield under P1 was lower than P2 and P3, but not significantly different from P0. Available soil nitrogen remained very low, and leaf N, Ca, and B were below the critical levels. These findings indicate that the 750 kg ha?¹ rate can reduce fertilizer input by 25% while maintaining most vegetative anatomical and morphological traits relative to the existing practice. However, nitrogen management, Vertisol moisture control, and validation through the maturity and harvest stages are required before a definitive yield recommendation is made.

Kata Kunci : anatomi, bongkar ratoon, morfologi, pupuk majemuk, tebu, vertisol