Pengaruh Umur Semai dan Biostimulan terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum Group) Varietas Merdeka

Muhammad Faishal Zuhdi, Dr. Ir. Endang Sulistyaningsih, M.Sc; Valentina Dwi Suci Handayani, S.P., M.Sc., Ph.D

2026 | Skripsi | AGRONOMI

Bawang merah (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum Group) merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura bernilai ekonomi tinggi di Indonesia. Penggunaan benih True Shallot Seed (TSS) menjadi alternatif bahan tanam yang menjanjikan karena bebas patogen tular umbi, memiliki mutu benih yang lebih baik, serta memudahkan penyimpanan dan distribusi. Namun, lamanya fase persemaian menjadi salah satu kendala dalam penerapan teknologi TSS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh umur semai dan jenis biostimulan terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah asal TSS, mengevaluasi interaksi kedua faktor tersebut, serta mengkaji potensi percepatan umur pindah tanam dari 6 menjadi 4 minggu setelah semai (MSS) melalui aplikasi biostimulan berbahan dasar Sargassum. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada September 2025 hingga Februari 2026 di Desa Sardonoharjo, Kecamatan Ngaglik, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) faktorial dengan dua faktor, yaitu umur semai (4, 6, dan 8 MSS) dan jenis biostimulan (kontrol, Amiboost, dan ekstrak Sargassum) masing-masing diulang tiga kali. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) pada taraf kepercayaan 95?n dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa umur semai berpengaruhh nyata terhadap sebagian besar parameter pertumbuhan vegetatif, biomassa, laju pertumbuhan tanaman, serta beberapa komponen hasil. Bibit umur semai 8 MSS menghasilkann pertumbuhan awal yang lebih baik dibandingkan umur semai 4 MSS dan 6 MSS. Pemberian biostimulan, khususnya ekstrak Sargassum, meningkatkan beberapa parameter pertumbuhan vegetatif, terutama perkembangan sistem perakaran dan tajuk, serta menunjukkan performa yang sebanding dengan biostimulan komersial Amiboost. Interaksi antara umur semai dan jenis biostimulan hanya terjadi pada beberapa parameter tertentu, yaitu luas akar, bobot kering akar, dan jumlah umbi. Meskipun bibit umur semai 8 MSS memberikan pertumbuhan awal yang lebih tinggi, bibit umur semai 4 MSS mampu menghasilkann produktivitas yang setara dengan bibit umur semai konvensional 6 MSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi ekstrak Sargassum berpotensi mendukung percepatan umur pindah tanam dari 6 MSS menjadi 4 MSS tanpa menurunkan produktivitas bawang merah asal TSS.

Shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum Group) is one of the most economically important horticultural crops in Indonesia. The use of True Shallot Seed (TSS) has emerged as a promising alternative planting material due to its freedom from bulb-borne pathogens, superior seed quality, and ease of storage and distribution. However, the relatively long nursery period remains a major constraint to the adoption of TSS technology. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of seedling age and biostimulant application on the growth and yield of TSS-derived shallots, to examine the interaction between these factors, and to assess the potential of shortening the transplanting age from six to four weeks after sowing (WAS) through the application of a Sargassum-based biostimulant. The experiment was conducted from September 2025 to February 2026 in Sardonoharjo Village, Ngaglik District, Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was employed with two factors: seedling age (4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing) and biostimulant type (control, Amiboost, and Sargassum extract) each replicated three times. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 95% confidence level, followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the 5% significance level. The results showed that seedling age significantly affected most vegetative growth parameters, biomass accumulation, crop growth rate, and several yield components. Seedlings transplanted at 8 weeks after sowing exhibited superior early growth compared with those transplanted at 4 and 6 weeks after sowing. Biostimulant application, particularly Sargassum extract, improved several vegetative growth parameters, especially root system development and canopy growth, and performed comparably to the commercial biostimulant Amiboost. Significant interactions between seedling age and biostimulant type were observed only for root surface area, root dry weight, and bulb number. Although seedlings transplanted at 8 weeks after sowing demonstrated better early growth, seedlings transplanted at 4 weeks after sowing achieved productivity comparable to that of the conventional 6-week-old seedlings. These findings indicate that Sargassum extract has the potential to support shortening the transplanting age from 6 to 4 weeks after sowing without reducing the productivity of TSS-derived shallots.

Kata Kunci : Allium cepa L. Aggregatum Group, biostimulan, Sargassum, True Shallot Seed (TSS) umur semai.