Analisis Numerik Pengaruh Ukuran Back Pressure Chamber dan Laju Aliran Massa pada Scroll Expander untuk SIstem Organic Rankine Cycle
Habiburrahman, Ir. Muhammad Agung Bramantya, S.T., M.T., M.Eng., Ph.D., IPM., ASEAN. Eng.
2026 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Mesin
The Organic rankine cycle (ORC) system is one of the low-temperature waste heat recovery technologies widely used to improve energy efficiency in power generation systems and industrial applications. One of the main components in an ORC system is the scroll expander, which functions to convert the energy of the working fluid into mechanical energy. The performance of a scroll expander is influenced by various geometric parameters and operating conditions, one of which is the size of the back pressure chamber, which affects the fluid flow characteristics in the discharge section. However, the influence of back pressure chamber size on pressure distribution, flow patterns, mass flow rate, and generated torque has not been extensively studied.
This study aims to analyze the effect of back pressure chamber size and inlet mass flow rate variations on fluid flow behavior and scroll expander performance in an ORC system. The study was conducted using a numerical method based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with transient simulations in ANSYS Fluent. The working fluid used was R245fa. Variations in back pressure chamber size were applied to three geometric models, while variations in inlet mass flow rate were used to evaluate changes in flow characteristics and expander performance under different operating conditions.
The simulation results show that increasing the back pressure chamber size reduces the average pressure in the discharge section. The reduction in discharge pressure also affects the torque generated by the scroll expander, where a larger back pressure chamber size results in a lower average torque produced. Increasing the back pressure chamber size can increase the intensity of the vortex flow formed; however, a further increase in chamber size can reduce the vortex intensity. Variations in inlet mass flow rate indicate that increasing the mass flow rate increases the generated pressure and torque, but also increases pressure fluctuations in the discharge section
Kata Kunci : Organic rankine cycle, scroll expander, back pressure chamber, computational fluid dynamic