ADAPTASI DIRECT OBSERVATIONAL OF PROCEDURAL SKILLS (DOPS) SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PEER ASSESSMENT DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PERIODONSIA MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN PROFESI DOKTER GIGI

Mutia Rochmawati, dr. Rachmadya Nur Hidayah, M.Sc., Ph.D ; drg. Agnes Bhakti Pratiwi, MPH., Ph.D

2026 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Pendidikan Kedokteran

Latar Belakang: Keputusan KKI No. 126/KKI/KEP/III/2024 menuntut institusi pendidikan kedokteran gigi untuk menghasilkan lulusan yang menguasai kompetensi tingkat 4, termasuk tindakan scaling ultrasonic scaler (USS). Keterbatasan waktu pembimbing klinik akibat tingginya beban administratif dan tridharma sering kali membuat pemberian umpan balik formatif menjadi tidak maksimal. Strategi pembelajaran tambahan yang dapat melengkapi namun tidak menggantikan peran pembimbing klinik dalam memberikan umpan balik diperlukan untuk mengatasi keterbatasan tersebut. Metode peer assessment berbasis Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (Peer-DOPS) diusulkan sebagai instrumen komplemen formatif (assessment for learning) agar mahasiswa dapat saling mengamati, memberikan umpan balik, dan melakukan refleksi kolaboratif.

Tujuan: Mengetahui adaptasi Direct Observational of Procedural Skills (DOPS) sebagai instrumen peer assessment yang valid dan reliabel dalam membantu mahasiswa pendidikan profesi dokter gigi pada pembelajaran periodonsia.

 

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Research and Development (R&D) dengan pendekatan kuantitatif yang melibatkan mahasiswa pendidikan profesi dokter gigi semester 1, 2 dan 5 di RSGMP Universitas Jenderal Soedirman melalui teknik purposive sampling. Prosedur pengembangan dimulai dengan penyusunan draft instrumen Peer-DOPS berbasis telaah literatur, yang kemudian ditelaah oleh para expert yang terdiri dari 5 ahli (spesialis periodonsia, tim kurikulum, dan dosen medical educator). Validitas isi diuji menggunakan uji Content Validity Ratio (CVR) dan Content Validity Index (CVI), dilanjutkan dengan prosedur pelaksanaan di mana mahasiswa dilatih sebelum melakukan penilaian peer assessment. Terakhir, analisis data untuk menguji reliabilitas antar-penilai (interrater reliability) menggunakan uji Cohen's Kappa, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), dan Percent Agreement.

Hasil: Hasil uji validitas isi terhadap 30 item instrumen menghasilkan nilai CVR, I-CVI, dan S-CVI sempurna sebesar 1,00 yang menunjukkan kesepakatan dari panel expert. Hasil uji reliabilitas antar-penilai menunjukkan tingkat kesepakatan yang sangat tinggi, di mana nilai Cohen's Kappa pada komponen teknis berkisar antara 0,788 (Baik) hingga 0,948 (Sangat Baik) dengan nilai p<0>Single Measures sebesar 0,927, Average Measures sebesar 0,962 (p<0>Percent Agreement mencapai 95,68%.

 

Kesimpulan: Instrumen Peer-DOPS yang dikembangkan telah teruji valid secara isi berdasarkan penilaian para expert dengan uji content validity serta reliabel  berdasarkan uji interrater reliability, sehingga layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran klinis periodonsia.

Introduction: Decision KKI No. 126/KKI/KEP/III/2024 mandates that dental education institutions produce graduates who have mastered level-4 competencies, including the performance of ultrasonic scaling (USS). Clinical supervisors often face time constraints due to heavy administrative and "Tridharma" (Three Pillars of Higher Education) workloads, which frequently hinders the delivery of optimal formative feedback. Consequently, there is a need for supplementary learning strategies that complement—rather than replace—the clinical supervisor's role in providing feedback. As a solution, a peer assessment method based on Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (Peer-DOPS) is proposed as a complementary formative instrument ("assessment for learning"), enabling students to observe one another, provide feedback, and engage in collaborative reflection.

 

Purpose:  To examine the adaptation of Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS) as a valid and reliable peer assessment instrument to assist dental professional education students in periodontics learning.

 

Methods: This study is a Research and Development (R&D) design with a quantitative approach, involving first-, second-, and fifth-semester dental professional education students at the Universitas Jenderal Soedirman Dental and Oral Teaching Hospital (RSGMP) selected via purposive sampling. The development process began with drafting a Peer-DOPS instrument based on a literature review, followed by a review by a panel of five experts (comprising a periodontist, a curriculum team member, and a medical educator lecturer). Content validity was assessed using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI), followed by an implementation phase in which students received training prior to conducting peer assessments. Finally, data analysis to evaluate inter-rater reliability utilized Cohen's Kappa, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), and Percent Agreement.

 

Results: Content validity testing of the 30-item instrument yielded perfect CVR, I-CVI, and S-CVI scores of 1.00, indicating consensus among the expert panel. Inter-rater reliability testing demonstrated a very high level of agreement; Cohen's Kappa values ??for the technical component ranged from 0.788 (Good) to 0.948 (Very Good) with p<0>

 

Conclusion: The developed Peer-DOPS instrument has been validated for content through expert assessment and proven reliable via inter-rater reliability testing, making it suitable for using in clinical periodontics education.

Kata Kunci : Peer Assessment, Peer-DOPS, Scaling Ultrasonic