Analisis Komparatif Performa Operasional Unit Hauler Hybrid dan Konvensional pada Pertambangan Batu Bara Terbuka

Narlita Saras Ulkharimah, Prof. Ir. Nur Aini Masruroh, S.T., M.Sc., Ph.D., IPU., ASEAN Eng.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Manajemen

Industri pertambangan batu bara di Indonesia menghadapi tekanan efisiensi biaya sekaligus tuntutan penurunan emisi. PT Putra Perkasa Abadi Site BIB menjawab kondisi tersebut melalui substitusi teknologi alat angkut, yaitu penggantian unit konvensional Komatsu HD785 dengan unit hybrid diesel-electric SANY SRT100S. Sampai saat ini penggantian tersebut baru berlangsung sebagian, sementara gambaran performa unit baru sebagian besar masih bersumber dari klaim produsen dan hasil simulasi, sehingga keputusan kelanjutannya belum memiliki dasar bukti lapangan.

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbedaan performa operasional kedua tipe unit menggunakan data operasional aktual, serta merumuskan implikasi manajerial bagi keputusan penggantian armada. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif komparatif dengan pengujian hipotesis statistik. Data diperoleh dari sistem pencatatan operasional perusahaan periode Maret hingga Mei 2026, mencakup lima variabel kinerja, yaitu konsumsi bahan bakar, kecepatan, produktivitas, physical availability, dan utilization of availability. Melalui purposive sampling diperoleh 312 unit, terdiri atas 252 unit HD785 dan 60 unit SRT100S. Analisis dilakukan dengan Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) dengan pelaporan Pillai's Trace, dilanjutkan uji univariat menggunakan uji t Welch dan uji Mann-Whitney dengan koreksi Bonferroni pada taraf 0,01.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan performa yang signifikan secara simultan antara kedua tipe unit (Pillai's Trace = 0,825; F(5, 306) = 288,931; p < 0>

Ketertinggalan pada dimensi keluaran terbukti terkompensasi oleh keunggulan biaya, ditunjukkan oleh rasio kesetaraan kapasitas sebesar 1,056 dan biaya sewa basah per satuan produksi yang 12,1% lebih rendah. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, perusahaan disarankan melanjutkan penggantian armada secara bertahap, disertai optimalisasi performa unit hybrid dan evaluasi ulang setelah unit beroperasi pada fase yang lebih matang.

The Indonesian coal mining industry faces both cost efficiency pressures and demands for emission reduction. PT Putra Perkasa Abadi Site BIB has responded through a substitution of hauling technology, replacing the conventional Komatsu HD785 with the SANY SRT100S hybrid diesel-electric hauler. To date, this replacement has only been partially implemented, while the performance profile of the new unit is largely derived from manufacturer claims and simulation results, leaving the decision on its continuation without a field-based evidentiary basis.

This study aims to analyse the difference in operational performance between the two unit types using actual operational data, and to formulate managerial implications for the fleet replacement decision. A quantitative comparative approach with statistical hypothesis testing was employed. Data were obtained from the company's operational recording system for the period of March to May 2026, covering five performance variables, namely fuel consumption, speed, productivity, physical availability, and utilization of availability. Purposive sampling yielded 312 units, consisting of 252 HD785 units and 60 SRT100S units. The analysis employed Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) with Pillai's Trace reported, followed by univariate tests using Welch's t-test and the Mann-Whitney test with a Bonferroni correction at the 0.01 level.

The results reveal a significant simultaneous difference in performance between the two unit types (Pillai's Trace = 0.825; F(5, 306) = 288.931; p < 0>

The shortfall in output was found to be offset by a cost advantage, indicated by a capacity equivalence ratio of 1.056 and a 12.1 percent lower wet cost per unit of production. Based on these findings, the company is advised to continue the fleet replacement in stages, accompanied by performance optimisation of the hybrid units and a re-evaluation once the units reach a more mature operational phase.

Kata Kunci : Hybrid Hauler, Penggantian Armada, Performa Operasional, MANOVA, Pertambangan Batu Bara