Basic Immunization Coverage Before, During, and After The COVID-19 Pandemic In Murung Raya, Central Kalimantan

Kristian Imanuel Lumban Toruan, dr. Braghmandita Widya Indraswari, M. Sc, Ph.D., Sp.A(K); Prof. dr. Eggi Arguni, M.Sc., Ph.D., Sp.A(K),

2026 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Latar Belakang: Layanan imunisasi rutin terganggu selama pandemi COVID-19. Melihat tren vaksin spesifik di Murung Raya bisa membantu mengidentifikasi kekurangan dan prioritas untuk pemulihan layanan.

 

Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui cakupan imunisasi dasar sebelum pandemi COVID-19 (2018–2019), selama tahun awalnya (2020), dan periode setelahnya (2021–2022) di Murung Raya, Kalimantan Tengah.

 

Metode: Analisis retrospektif ini menggunakan catatan imunisasi agregat tahunan dari 15 pusat kesehatan masyarakat (Puskesmas), 2018–2022. Rata-rata periode tingkat Puskesmas dihitung untuk 2018–2019, 2020, dan 2021–2022. ANOVA satu arah konvensional dilengkapi dengan ANOVA repeated-measures dengan koreksi Greenhouse–Geisser karena Puskesmas yang sama diamati di semua periode. Analisis ini menggambarkan hubungan temporal, bukan efek kausal.

 

Hasil: Rata-rata cakupan imunisasi dasar lengkap di seluruh Puskesmas adalah 62,07%, 47,98%, dan 69,80% pada tiga periode tersebut. Cakupan IPV lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan cakupan DPT3.Kesenjangan merupakan prioritas; data yang tersedia tidak dapat menentukan penyebab perbedaan-perbedaan tersebut. 

Kesimpulan: Cakupan imunisasi bervariasi di setiap periode, dengan cakupan lengkap yang lebih rendah pada 2020 dan pulih pada 2021–2022. Perbedaannya spesifik pada jenis vaksin. Prioritasnya adalah memastikan kelanjutan layanan, menindaklanjuti vaksin yang terlewat, dan meninjau kesenjangan IPV–DPT3; data yang tersedia tidak bisa menunjukkan penyebab perbedaan ini.

Background: Routine immunization services were disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Examining vaccine-specific trends in Murung Raya can help identify gaps and priorities for service recovery.

Purpose: To determine basic immunization coverage before the COVID-19 pandemic (2018–2019), during its initial year (2020), and the after period (2021–2022) in Murung Raya, Central Kalimantan.

Methods: This retrospective analysis used annual aggregate immunization records from 15 primary health centres (PHCs), 2018–2022. PHC-level period means were calculated for 2018–2019, 2020, and 2021–2022. Conventional one-way ANOVA was supplemented by repeated-measures ANOVA with Greenhouse–Geisser correction because the same PHCs were observed in all periods. Analyses describe temporal associations rather than causal effects.

Results: The average complete basic immunization coverage across PHCs was 62.07%, 47.98%, and 69.80% in the three periods, respectively. IPV coverage was lower than DPT3 coverage in every year. These estimates are based on reconstructed aggregate data and are not population-weighted district estimates.

Conclusion: Immunization coverage varied across periods, with lower complete coverage in 2020 and recovery in 2021–2022. Differences were vaccine specific. Service continuity, follow-up for missed vaccinations, and review of the IPV–DPT3 gap are priorities; the available data cannot establish the causes of these differences.

Kata Kunci : COVID-19, basic immunization coverage, vaccination