Analisis Dampak Lingkungan dan Tekno-Ekonomi pada Transisi Hidrogen Hijau pada Industri Energi di Indonesia
Ardiputranto Widhinugroho Nurwaskito, Dr. Ir. Wangi Pandan Sari, S.T., M.Sc.
2026 | Skripsi | TEKNIK INDUSTRI
Pemerintah
Indonesia berkomitmen mencapai target Net Zero Emission (NZE) pada tahun 2060
melalui dekarbonisasi sektor energi. Salah satu strategi utama yang
dikembangkan adalah pemanfaatan hidrogen hijau sebagai bahan bakar pendamping (co-firing)
pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Gas dan Uap (PLTGU). Penelitian ini bertujuan
untuk menganalisis dampak lingkungan dan kelayakan tekno-ekonomi dari transisi co-firing
hidrogen hijau pada PLTGU.
Evaluasi
dampak lingkungan dilakukan menggunakan metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
pendekatan cradle-to-gate dengan unit fungsional 1 kWh listrik dan
metode ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H). Analisis tekno-ekonomi dihitung berdasarkan
Net Present Cost (NPC), Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), dan Cost of Hydrogen
(COH) selama 25 tahun masa operasional. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi tiga
skenario utama: Skenario 1 (100% gas alam), Skenario 2 (co-firing hidrogen
8,15?rbasis kapasitas EBT terpasang), dan Skenario 3 (co-firing hidrogen
16,31?rbasis rencana ekspansi PLTA).
Hasil
penelitian menunjukkan bahwa co-firing hidrogen hijau 16,31% menurunkan
emisi karbon sebesar 7,7?n menghemat energi fosil sebesar 16,22%. Dari sisi
tekno-ekonomi, integrasi hidrogen meningkatkan nilai NPC dari $1,107 miliar
menjadi $2,433 miliar dan LCOE dari $0,08/kWh menjadi $0,14/kWh akibat
tingginya investasi elektroliser PEM. Meskipun demikian, peningkatan skala
produksi pada Skenario 3 berhasil menekan COH dari $6,05/kg H2
menjadi $5,91/kg H2 melalui efisiensi skala ekonomi.
Penelitian
ini merekomendasikan memperluas batasan penelitian, analisis diversifikasi
sumber EBT hulu, serta penambahan analisis kelayakan ekonomi.
The Indonesian government is committed to
achieving the Net Zero Emission (NZE) target by 2060 through energy sector
decarbonization. One of the key strategies being developed is the utilization
of green hydrogen as a co-firing fuel in Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT)
power plants. This study aims to analyse the environmental impacts and
techno-economic feasibility of the transition to green hydrogen co-firing in
CCGT plants.
Environmental evaluation was conducted using
the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method with a cradle-to-gate approach, a
functional unit of 1 kWh of electricity, and the ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H)
method. Techno-economic performance was evaluated based on Net Present Cost
(NPC), Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), and Cost of Hydrogen (COH) over a
25-year operational period. This research evaluates three main scenarios:
Scenario 1 (100% natural gas), Scenario 2 (8.15% hydrogen co-firing based on
installed renewable energy capacity), and Scenario 3 (16.31% hydrogen co-firing
based on planned hydropower expansion).
The results show that 16.31% green hydrogen co-firing reduced direct
carbon emissions by 7.7% and saved fossil energy usage by 16.22%.
Techno-economically, hydrogen integration increased the NPC from $1.107 billion
to $2.433 billion and the LCOE from $0.08/kWh to $0.14/kWh due to the high
capital cost of PEM electrolyzers. Nevertheless, scaling up production in
Scenario 3 successfully reduced the COH from $6.05/kg H2 to $5.91/kg H2 owing to economies of scale.
This study recommends expanding research system
boundaries, analysing the diversification of upstream renewable energy sources,
and incorporating detailed financial feasibility analyses.
Kata Kunci : Hidrogen Hijau, Co-Firing, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), PLTGU, Dekarbonisasi Energi
