Kajian Pengarusutamaan Gender dalam Perencanaan Penanggulangan Bencana Tanah Longsor di Kelurahan Sempur Kecamatan Bogor Tengah Kota Bogor

Shofiya Nurjannah, Dr. Alia Fajarwati, S.Si., M.IDEA.

2026 | Skripsi | PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH

Bencana tanah longsor merupakan salah satu ancaman bencana di Kelurahan Sempur, Kota Bogor, yang memiliki kondisi topografi berupa lereng curam, permukiman padat, dan curah hujan tinggi. Dampak bencana tidak dirasakan secara sama oleh seluruh masyarakat karena dipengaruhi oleh kondisi sosial, salah satunya gender. Perbedaan peran, akses terhadap sumber daya, dan partisipasi menyebabkan laki-laki dan perempuan memiliki kerentanan yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengidentifikasi kerentanan laki-laki dan perempuan terhadap bencana tanah longsor di Kelurahan Sempur; dan (2) mengidentifikasi pilihan tindakan laki-laki dan perempuan dalam pengurangan risiko bencana.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif serta pendekatan keruangan dan ekologi. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara semi-terstruktur dengan pertanyaan terbuka, dokumentasi, dan studi kepustakaan dengan melibatkan pemerintah kelurahan, lembaga kemasyarakatan, tokoh masyarakat, serta masyarakat terdampak bencana tanah longsor. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk mengidentifikasi kerentanan sosial, ekonomi, fisik, dan lingkungan serta pilihan tindakan mitigasi berdasarkan perspektif gender.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perempuan cenderung lebih rentan pada aspek sosial karena keterbatasan akses informasi dan pelatihan, partisipasi, serta kontrol dalam pengambilan keputusan kebencanaan. Laki-laki lebih banyak terlibat dalam aktivitas kebencanaan, tetapi menghadapi risiko fisik akibat keterlibatan langsung di kawasan rawan. Kerentanan ekonomi dialami kedua kelompok akibat ketergantungan pada pekerjaan informal, pendapatan tidak stabil, dan keterbatasan aset, sedangkan kerentanan fisik dan lingkungan berkaitan dengan kedekatan permukiman terhadap lereng dan tebing, kondisi bangunan, akses evakuasi, serta infrastruktur pengendali longsor yang belum memadai. Pilihan tindakan meliputi mitigasi struktural berupa pembangunan TPT, perbaikan drainase, rehabilitasi rumah, dan penyediaan hunian yang lebih aman, serta mitigasi nonstruktural berupa penyebaran informasi, pemantauan lereng, dan gotong royong. Temuan tersebut menunjukkan implikasi PUG berupa perlunya penggunaan pengalaman masyarakat dalam penentuan kebutuhan, perluasan saluran aspirasi, penyesuaian komunikasi dan kegiatan, serta pembahasan pilihan mitigasi yang mempertimbangkan kondisi laki-laki dan perempuan. Namun, penelitian belum dapat menetapkan sejauh mana PUG telah dituangkan secara formal dalam kebijakan, program, dan penganggaran kelurahan.

Landslides are one of the major hazards in Sempur Urban Village, Bogor City, which is characterized by steep slopes, dense settlements, and high rainfall. Disaster impacts are not experienced equally by all members of the community because they are influenced by social conditions, including gender. Differences in roles, access to resources, and participation contribute to different vulnerabilities among men and women. This study aims to: (1) identify the vulnerabilities of men and women to landslides in Sempur Urban Village; and (2) identify the disaster risk reduction actions of men and women.

This study employed a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, as well as spatial and ecological approaches. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews using open-ended questions, documentation, and literature review involving the urban village government, community organizations, community leaders, and residents affected by landslides. The data were analyzed descriptively to identify social, economic, physical, and environmental vulnerabilities, as well as mitigation actions from a gender perspective.

The findings indicate that women tend to be more vulnerable in the social dimension due to limited access to information and training, participation, and control over disaster-related decision-making. Men are more frequently involved in disaster-related activities but face physical risks due to their direct involvement in hazard-prone areas. Both groups experience economic vulnerability due to dependence on informal employment, unstable incomes, and limited assets, while physical and environmental vulnerabilities are associated with the proximity of settlements to slopes and cliffs, housing conditions, evacuation access, and inadequate landslide-control infrastructure. Disaster risk reduction actions include structural mitigation through the construction of retaining walls, drainage improvement, housing rehabilitation, and the provision of safer housing, as well as non-structural mitigation through information dissemination, slope monitoring, and community mutual cooperation. These findings highlight the implications for gender mainstreaming, particularly the need to incorporate community experiences into needs identification, expand channels for expressing aspirations, adjust communication and activities, and discuss mitigation options that take into account the conditions of both men and women. However, this study cannot determine the extent to which gender mainstreaming has been formally incorporated into urban village policies, programs, and budgeting.

Kata Kunci : tanah longsor, kerentanan, mitigasi bencana, penanggulangan bencana, pengarusutamaan gender