Pengaruh Kredit Berkelanjutan Terhadap Risiko Kredit dan Profitabilitas Bank di Kawasan Asia Pasifik

Arum Rahmasari, Bowo Setiyono, S.E., M.Com., Ph.D.,

2026 | Tesis | S2 MANAJEMEN (MM) JAKARTA

Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh penyaluran kredit berkelanjutan terhadap risiko kredit dan profitabilitas perbankan, serta menguji peran kepemilikan pemerintah sebagai variabel moderasi. Proksi pengukuran risiko kredi tadalah rasio non-performing loan (NPL) dan loan loss provision (LLP), sedangkan proksi pengukuran profitabilitas adalah laba bersih operasional per aset (NOPAT/A) dan laba bersih operasional per ekuitas (NOPAT/E). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan regresi statis data panel dengan lagged independent variable untuk tahun 2022-2024. Kepemilikan pemerintah lebih relevan bertindak sebagai pengendali dibandingkan moderator pada hubungan antara pengaruh kredit berkelanjutan dan risiko kredit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kredit berkelanjutan menurunkan risiko kredit (NPL & LLP) ketika kepemilikan pemerintah dikontrol. Dari sisi profitabilitas, kredit berkelanjutan berpengaruh negatif terhadap NOPAT/A dengan kepemilikan pemerintah memoderasi hubungan ini ke arah positif. Namun, kepemilikan pemerintah tidak memoderasi hubungan kredit berkelanjutan terhadap NOPAT/E. Kredit berkelanjutan berdampak positif terhadap NOPAT/E ketika kepemilikan pemerintah dikontrol. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa implementasi pembiayaan berkelanjutan mulai berperan dalam menurunkan risiko kredit bank, tetapi efektivitasnya tetap bergantung pada kemampuan bank mengintegrasikan aspek keberlanjutan ke dalam strategi bisnis, manajemen risiko, dan pengelolaan profitabilitas secara transaparan dan berkelanjutan.

This study aims to analyze the effect of sustainablity loan distribution on credit risk and bank profitability. Credit risk is measured using non-performing loans (NPL) and loan loss provisions (LLP), while profitability is measured using net operating profit after tax on asset (NOPAT/A) and net operating profit after tax on equity (NOPAT/E). This study employs a static panel data regression approach with a lagged independent variable in banking sector during 2022-2024 period. Government ownership is found to be more relevant as a control variable rather than a moderating variable in the relationship between sustainable loan and credit risk. The results show that sustainable credit reduces credit risk, as reflected in NPL and LLP, when government ownership is controlled. In terms of profitability, sustainable loan has a negative effect on NOPAT/A, with government ownership moderating this relationship in a positive direction. However, government ownership does not moderate the relationship between sustainable loan and NOPAT/E. Sustainable loan has a positive effect on NOPAT/E when government ownership is controlled. These findings indicate that the implementation of sustainable loan has begun to play a role in reducing banks’ credit risk, although its effectiveness depends on banks’ ability to integrate sustainability aspects into their business strategies, risk management practices, and profitability management in a transparent and sustainable manner.

Kata Kunci : Kredit berkelanjutan, risiko kredit, profitabilitas, perbankan, keuangan berkelanjutan