Climate Obstruction di Global South: Sebuah Tinjauan Sistematis

Nevsia Carlina, Dr. Indri Dwi Apriliyanti, SIP., MBA.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Administrasi Publik

Respon terhadap perubahan iklim di Global South tidak selalu terhambat melalui penolakan eksplisit terhadap sains iklim, tetapi dapat berlangsung melalui proses politik, kelembagaan, dan ekonomi yang mempertahankan kepentingan karbon-intensif. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi pola dan bentuk climate obstruction di Global South, serta memetakan aktor, jaringan, dan strategi yang terlibat. Penelitian menggunakan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) berpedoman PRISMA 2020 terhadap 85 artikel peer-reviewed yang diterbitkan pada 2015-2026 dan diperoleh melalui Scopus dan ScienceDirect. Data dianalisis menggunakan thematic synthesis melalui line-by-line coding, pengembangan descriptive themes, dan pembentukan analytical themes. Hasil menunjukkan tiga konfigurasi utama: lemahnya penegakan regulasi dan dominasi elite dalam 61 artikel, justifikasi pembangunan dalam 37 artikel, serta keterlibatan investor asing dan jejaring transnasional dalam 32 artikel. Obstruksi berlangsung melalui developmental legitimation, policy delay and dilution, regulatory capture, carbon and institutional lock-in, greenwashing, serta pembatasan ruang kebijakan melalui pembiayaan, investasi, dan mekanisme hukum transnasional. Aktor yang terlibat mencakup pemerintah, regulator, BUMN, elite politik dan bisnis, industri fosil, perusahaan multinasional, serta lembaga keuangan dan investor. Sintesis menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik penting climate obstruction di Global South terletak pada keterkaitan antara legitimasi pembangunan, struktur institusional domestik, kekuasaan incumbent, dan relasi ekonomi-politik transnasional. Penelitian ini memperluas pemahaman climate obstruction dari strategi individual menuju konfigurasi relasional yang menjelaskan bagaimana hambatan terhadap dekarbonisasi dapat bertahan bersamaan dengan komitmen formal terhadap aksi iklim.

Climate responses in the Global South are not always obstructed through explicit rejection of climate science, but may instead be hindered through political, institutional, and economic processes that sustain carbon-intensive interests. This study identifies the patterns and forms of climate obstruction in the Global South and maps the actors, networks, and strategies involved. It employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) guided by PRISMA 2020, covering 85 peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2026 and retrieved from Scopus and ScienceDirect. The data were analyzed using thematic synthesis through line-by-line coding, the development of descriptive themes, and the construction of analytical themes. The findings reveal three main configurations: weak regulatory enforcement and elite dominance in 61 articles, development justification in 37 articles, and the involvement of foreign investors and transnational networks in 32 articles. Obstruction operates through developmental legitimation, policy delay and dilution, regulatory capture, carbon and institutional lock-in, greenwashing, and constraints on policy space through transnational financing, investment, and legal mechanisms. The actors involved include governments, regulators, state-owned enterprises, political and business elites, fossil fuel industries, multinational corporations, financial institutions, and investors. The synthesis shows that a key characteristic of climate obstruction in the Global South lies in the interaction between development legitimation, domestic institutional structures, incumbent power, and transnational political-economic relations. This study broadens the understanding of climate obstruction from individual strategies to relational configurations that explain how barriers to decarbonization can persist alongside formal commitments to climate action.

Kata Kunci : Climate obstruction, Global South, legitimasi pembangunan, obstruksi institusional, pengaruh transnasional