Hubungan Usia Ibu Remaja Dengan Stunting Pada Anak Usia 24-59 Bulan di Indonesia: Analisis Data Survei Status Gizi Indonesia Tahun 2024

HENNY, Dr. Drs. ABdul Wahab, MPH; dr. Rosalia Kurniawati Harisaputra, MPH

2026 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Stunting masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan stunting dapat berlangsung sejak periode sebelum dan selama kehamilan, termasuk usia ibu saat mulai kehamilan. Bukti mengenai hubungan usia ibu remaja saat mulai kehamilan dengan stunting pada anak usia 24–59 bulan di Indonesia masih belum konsisten.

Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara usia ibu remaja saat mulai kehamilan dengan stunting pada anak usia 24–59 bulan di Indonesia berdasarkan data Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) Tahun 2024.

Metode: Penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross-sectional menggunakan data sekunder SSGI Tahun 2024. Dataset individu awal mencakup 300.143 anak balita. Setelah penerapan kriteria penelitian dan proses data cleaning, diperoleh 192.526 pasangan ibu–anak usia 24–59 bulan sebagai sampel analitik untuk paparan utama dan outcome. Paparan utama adalah usia ibu saat mulai kehamilan yang dikategorikan menjadi <20>

Hasil: Prevalensi stunting tertimbang sebesar 19,69% (95% CI: 19,38–20,00), sedangkan proporsi tertimbang ibu yang mulai hamil pada usia <20 COR=1,19; AOR=1,32; AOR=3,03; AOR=2,57; AOR=1,96; AOR=1,65; AOR=1,22;>

Kesimpulan: Usia ibu remaja saat mulai kehamilan berhubungan dengan stunting pada anak usia 24–59 bulan di Indonesia dan hubungan tersebut tetap ditemukan setelah penyesuaian terhadap kovariat dalam model akhir. Temuan ini menunjukkan pentingnya mempertimbangkan kesehatan perempuan sejak masa remaja dan prakonsepsi, pelayanan kesehatan maternal, luaran kelahiran, serta determinan sosial dalam pendekatan pencegahan stunting. Karena penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional, hubungan yang ditemukan merupakan asosiasi dan tidak dapat ditafsirkan sebagai hubungan sebab-akibat.

Background: Stunting remains a public health problem in Indonesia. Factors associated with stunting may operate from the preconception and pregnancy periods, including maternal age at the start of pregnancy. Evidence regarding the association between adolescent maternal age at the start of pregnancy and stunting among children aged 24–59 months in Indonesia remains inconsistent.

Objective: To analyze the association between adolescent maternal age at the start of pregnancy and stunting among children aged 24–59 months in Indonesia using data from the 2024 Indonesia Nutrition Status Survey (Survei Status Gizi Indonesia [SSGI]).

Methods: This analytical observational study used a cross-sectional design and secondary data from the 2024 SSGI. The initial individual dataset included 300,143 children under five years of age. After applying the study eligibility criteria and data cleaning, 192,526 mother–child pairs with children aged 24–59 months were included in the analytical sample for the main exposure and outcome. The main exposure was maternal age at the start of pregnancy, categorized as <20>

Results: The weighted prevalence of stunting was 19.69% (95% CI: 19.38–20.00), while the weighted proportion of mothers who started pregnancy at <20 COR=1.19; AOR=1.32; AOR=3.03; AOR=2.57; AOR=1.96; AOR=1.65; AOR=1.22;>

Conclusion: Adolescent maternal age at the start of pregnancy was associated with stunting among children aged 24–59 months in Indonesia, and this association remained after adjustment for covariates retained in the final model. These findings highlight the importance of considering women’s health from adolescence and preconception, maternal health services, birth outcomes, and social determinants within a stunting prevention approach. Because this study used a cross-sectional design, the observed association cannot be interpreted as a causal relationship.

Kata Kunci : kehamilan remaja; usia ibu; stunting; anak usia 24–59 bulan; SSGI 2024, adolescent pregnancy; maternal age; stunting; children aged 24–59 months; Indonesia Nutrition Status Survey 2024