Peran Save the Children dalam Rekonstruksi Sosial Anak-anak Ukraina Penyintas Konflik Rusia-Ukraina 2022-2025

Charisya, Dr. Diah Kusumaningrum

2026 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Konflik Rusia-Ukraina sejak Februari 2022 telah menimbulkan krisis kemanusiaan yang berdampak luas terhadap anak-anak, baik melalui kekerasan langsung, displacement, gangguan pendidikan, kerusakan layanan dasar, maupun tekanan psikososial berkepanjangan. Berangkat dari kondisi tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak intervensi rekonstruksi sosial yang dilakukan Save the Children terhadap anak-anak Ukraina penyintas konflik pada periode 2022-2025. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus deskriptif-kualitatif. Data penelitian bersifat sekunder dan diperoleh melalui document analysis terhadap laporan Save the Children, dokumen organisasi internasional, laporan pemerintah Ukraina, serta publikasi akademik yang relevan. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan konsep Transformasi Konflik John Paul Lederach yang mencakup ranah personal, relasional, struktural, dan kultural. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intervensi Save the Children berkontribusi terhadap rekonstruksi sosial anak-anak penyintas konflik secara multidimensi. Pada ranah personal, program Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS), Child Friendly Spaces (CFS), Case Management, dan Digital Learning Centres (DLC) mendukung pemulihan fungsi sosial-emosional anak yang terlihat melalui kemampuan kembali berbicara, bermain, belajar, berinteraksi, dan membangun rasa aman. Pada ranah relasional, CFS, underground learning, Safe Families, dan community-led projects memperkuat kembali hubungan anak dengan keluarga, teman sebaya, guru, dan komunitas. Pada ranah struktural, Education in Emergencies, child protection, WASH, shelter, livelihood support, medical services, nutrition support, dan alternative care memperluas akses anak terhadap layanan dasar dan sistem perlindungan. Pada ranah kultural, art therapy, permainan, positive parenting, local partnership, dan family-based care mendorong perubahan norma pengasuhan dan memperkuat posisi anak sebagai subjek hak. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa rekonstruksi sosial anak penyintas konflik membutuhkan intervensi terpadu yang menghubungkan pemulihan psikososial, relasi sosial, akses layanan, dukungan keluarga, dan norma komunitas.

Since February 2022, the conflict in Ukraine and the Russian Federation has led to a humanitarian crisis that has affected children disproportionately through direct violence, displacement, disruption to schooling, damage to essential services and enduring psychological distress. Based on these conditions, this study aims to analyze the impact of social reconstruction interventions implemented by Save the Children on Ukrainian children who survived the conflict within the period 2022-2025. The study is situated within a descriptive-qualitative paradigm in case study. The data are secondary and were collected through document analysis of reports of Save the Children, reports of international organizations, reports of the Ukrainian government and relevant academic publications. The analysis uses John Paul Lederach’s Conflict Transformation Theory, which has personal, relational, structural and cultural dimensions. The findings reveal that Save the Children’s interventions are contributing towards the multidimensional social reconstruction of conflict affected children. At the individual level, Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS), Child Friendly Spaces (CFS), case management and Digital Learning Centres contribute to the recovery of children’s socio-emotional functioning, observed in their ability to speak, play, learn, interact and regain a sense of safety. At the relational level, CFS, underground learning, Safe Families, and community-based projects restore children’s relationships with families, peers, teachers, and communities. At the structural level, Education in Emergencies, child protection, WASH, shelter, livelihood support, medical services, nutrition support and alternative care expand children's access to essential services and protection systems. At the cultural level, art therapy, play activities, positive parenting, local partnerships and family-based care promote changes in caregiving norms and strengthen children's position as rights-bearing subjects. The study concluded that the social reconstruction of conflict-affected children requires integrated interventions linking psychosocial recovery, social relationships, access to services, family support and community norms.

Kata Kunci : Anak penyintas konflik, konflik Rusia-Ukraina, rekonstruksi sosial, Save the Children, Transformasi Konflik Lederach