Respons Pertumbuhan Tanaman Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) Terinfeksi Begomovirus dan Kelimpahan Mikroba Rizosfer terhadap Aplikasi Pupuk Organik Cair

Nadisya Putri Prihandini, Dr. Aprilia Sufi Subiastuti, S.Si.

2026 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens) merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura penting di Indonesia yang rentan terhadap infeksi Begomovirus penyebab yellow leaf curl disease. Infeksi tersebut dapat menghambat pertumbuhan dan menurunkan produktivitas tanaman sehingga diperlukan pendekatan pengendalian yang efektif dan ramah lingkungan. Salah satu pendekatan yang berpotensi diterapkan adalah aplikasi pupuk organik cair yang mengandung konsorsium mikroorganisme menguntungkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi pupuk organik cair terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman cabai rawit terinfeksi Begomovirus dan komunitas mikrobia rizosfer. Penelitian dilakukan melalui pengambilan tanaman terinfeksi Begomovirus, aklimatisasi, deteksi virus secara molekuler, aplikasi pupuk organik cair, pengamatan parameter pertumbuhan tanaman, serta analisis jumlah mikrobia pada medium Plate Count Agar (PCA), Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), dan Pikovskaya. Isolat Begomovirus yang diperoleh menunjukkan kemiripan sekuens lebih dari 91?ngan isolat Begomovirus asal Sleman, Magelang, dan Jawa Timur. Data hasil kultur dianalisis menggunakan indeks alpha diversity yang meliputi richness dan indeks Simpson, serta beta diversity berdasarkan indeks Bray–Curtis yang divisualisasikan menggunakan Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) dan diuji menggunakan Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi pupuk organik cair pada rasio 100% probiotik dan kombinasi 50% probiotik : 50% biofertilizer tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap seluruh parameter pertumbuhan tanaman, tetapi perlakuan 100% probiotik menyebabkan penurunan disease severity lebih besar dibandingkan perlakuan lain. Perlakuan 100% biofertilizer menghasilkan nilai richness tertinggi pada medium PCA dan Pikovskaya serta memberikan perubahan komposisi morfotipe koloni mikroorganisme tertinggi berdasarkan analisis beta diversity. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan aplikasi pupuk organik cair tidak memengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman secara nyata, tetapi perlakuan 100% probiotik menunjukkan respons penyakit yang lebih rendah, sedangkan 100% biofertilizer memengaruhi keragaman dan komposisi komunitas mikrobia rizosfer.

Chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens) is one of the important horticultural commodities in Indonesia that is susceptible to Begomovirus infection, the causal agent of yellow leaf curl disease. The infection can inhibit plant growth and reduce crop productivity, requiring effective and environmentally friendly management strategies. One potential approach is the application of liquid organic fertilizer containing beneficial microbial consortia. This study aimed to determine the effect of liquid organic fertilizer application on the growth performance of Begomovirus-infected chili pepper plants and the microbial community structure in the rhizosphere. The research was conducted through the collection of Begomovirus-infected plants, acclimatization, molecular virus detection, liquid organic fertilizer application, plant growth parameter assessment, and microbial population analysis using Plate Count Agar (PCA), Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), and Pikovskaya media. The obtained Begomovirus isolate showed more than 91% sequence identity with Begomovirus isolates from Sleman, Magelang, and East Java. The cultured microbial data were analyzed using alpha diversity indices, including richness and Simpson index, as well as beta diversity analysis based on the Bray–Curtis index, visualized through Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA), and statistically tested using Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA). The results showed that the application of liquid organic fertilizer with 100% probiotic treatment and a combination of 50% probiotic and 50% biofertilizer did not significantly affect plant growth parameters. However, the 100% probiotic treatment resulted in a greater reduction in disease severity compared to other treatments. The 100% biofertilizer treatment produced the highest richness values on PCA and Pikovskaya media and caused the greatest changes in microbial colony morphotype composition based on beta diversity analysis. This study indicates that liquid organic fertilizer application did not significantly improve plant growth, but the 100% probiotic treatment showed a better disease response, while the 100% biofertilizer treatment influenced the diversity and composition of the rhizosphere microbial community.

Kata Kunci : Begomovirus, biofertilizer, Capsicum frutescens, rizosfer, TPC